The Neuroprotective Potentiality of Flavonoids on Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), due to its spread, has become a global health priority, and is characterized by senile dementia and progressive disability. The main cause of AD and other neurodegenerations (Huntington, Parkinson, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) are aggregated protein accumulation and oxidative damage. Recent research on secondary metabolites of plants such as polyphenols demonstrated that they may slow the progression of AD. The flavonoids’ mechanism of action in AD involved the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, Tau protein aggregation, β-secretase, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through modulation of signaling pathways which are implicated in cognitive and neuroprotective functions, such as ERK, PI3-kinase/Akt, NFKB, MAPKs, and endogenous antioxidant enzymatic systems. This review focuses on flavonoids and their role in AD, in terms of therapeutic potentiality for human health, antioxidant potential, and specific AD molecular targets.

The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

“…Psychedelics can produce sustained therapeutic benefit following a single administration, and also have broad therapeutic value and efficacy in the treatment of disorders, such as depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety disorders, and addictive substance and alcohol abuse disorders [ 11 ]. A number of flavonoids have been identified with an ability to regulate neural functional properties of potential therapeutic value in the treatment of neurological disorders [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. One class of flavonoid metabolite (urolithins) shows particular promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and in the provision of general health and wellbeing [ 20 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate (EGCG) in LPS-Activated BV-2 Microglia Cells

“…Dubois et al, 2019 [ 72 ] showed that AKT3 modulates protection against demyelinating inflammatory disorder. Nutraceutical intervention of the PI3K-AKT pathway in microglial regulation may be promising to consider [ 78 ]. EGCG downregulation of AKT3 may utilize an anti-aging function that mediates AKT3 activity.…”

Update on new trends and progress of natural active ingredients in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease, based on understanding of traditional Chinese and Western relevant theories: A review

“…Unfortunately, there is still a lack of clinical evidence for these promising flavonoids. We discovered a clinical study that began in 2022 and will end in 2024 to determine the efficacy and safety of cotton flavonoid tablets for the treatment of AD (Calderaro et al, 2022).…”

“…Unfortunately, there is still a lack of clinical evidence for these promising flavonoids. We discovered a clinical study that began in 2022 and will end in 2024 to determine the efficacy and safety of cotton flavonoid tablets for the treatment of AD (Calderaro et al, 2022). Although the exact mechanisms of action are unclear, several important physiological responses regulated by flavonoids may be key to promoting the neuroprotective effect of AD.…”