The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human

Dhillo, Waljit S.; Murphy, Kevin G.; Bloom, Stephen R.

doi:10.1007/s11154-007-9029-1

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Kisspeptins which bind to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) are a family of neuropeptides and are coded by the KiSS-1 gene. 1,2 The KiSS-1 gene encodes a 145-amino-acid protein that is enzymatically cleaved into a 54-amino-acid peptide, known metastin, as well as shortened peptides of 14, 13, or 10 amino acids (kisspeptin-54, kisspeptin-14, kisspeptin-13 and kisspeptin-10, respectively). 2 In 2001, several groups reported that all of the kisspeptins bind the same receptor (known as GPR54).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on liver oxidant and antioxidant systems in young male rats

Aydın

Oktar

Yönden

et al. 2010

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Kisspeptin is a recently discovered hypothalamic peptide which plays an important role in the central control of reproductive functions. We have investigated direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on the liver oxidative stress in young male rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6/group). First group served as control and received saline. Kisspeptin-10 was administered to the animals in the second group (20 nmol/rat/day), for a period of 7 days. Rats were given only one dose gosereline (0.9 mg/rat), a GnRH agonist in the third group. The last group received kisspeptin-10 with gosereline. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase (AD) and level of malondialdehyde were studied in liver tissue. Serum samples were separated for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), colesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride. Kisspeptin increased the activities of SOD and catalase (p < 0.05). When compared to the control group, the levels of malondialdehyde, TOS and AST were lower, but levels of BUN, cholesterole, HDL and AD were higher in the other three groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that kisspeptin may have antioxidant and thus protective effects on the liver tissue.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on liver oxidant and antioxidant systems in young male rats

Aydın

Oktar

Yönden

et al. 2010

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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“…In this review, I discuss key aspects of sexual differentiation of the brain and behavior as it relates to the recently-identified neuronal Kiss1 system. Several other papers have extensively reviewed the current literature on the Kiss1 system (including kisspeptins and their receptor GPR54), particularly in relation to reproduction and puberty (50, 78, 80, 84) as well as human clinical issues (2, 11, 22, 44, 85). In the present paper, I provide some essential background on Kiss1 biology and then focus on the latest findings connecting the kisspeptins and GPR54 to sexual differentiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual differentiation and the Kiss1 system: Hormonal and developmental considerations

Kauffman

2009

Peptides

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The nervous system (both central and peripheral) is anatomically and physiologically differentiated between the sexes, ranging from gender-based differences in the cerebral cortex to motoneuron number in the spinal cord. Although genetic factors may play a role in the development of some sexually differentiated traits, most identified sex differences in the brain and behavior are produced under the influence of perinatal sex steroid signaling. In many species, the ability to display an estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is sexually differentiated, yet the specific neural population(s) that allows females but not males to display such estrogen-mediated “positive feedback” has remained elusive. Recently, the Kiss1/kisspeptin system has been implicated in generating the sexually-dimorphic circuitry underlying the LH surge. Specifically, Kiss1 gene expression and kisspeptin protein levels in the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus of the hypothalamus are sexually differentiated, with females displaying higher levels than males, even under identical hormonal conditions as adults. These findings, in conjunction with accumulating evidence implicating kisspeptins as potent secretagogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), suggest that the sex-specific display of the LH surge (positive feedback) reflects sexual differentiation of AVPV Kiss1 neurons. In addition, developmental kisspeptin signaling via its receptor GPR54 appears to be critical in males for the proper sexual differentiation of a variety of sexually dimorphic traits, ranging from complex social behavior to specific forebrain and spinal cord neuronal populations. This review discusses the recent data, and their implications, regarding the bidirectional relationship between the Kiss1 system and the process of sexual differentiation.

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“…A vast array of data has linked KISS1‐KISS1R signalling to the onset of puberty in many species (for reviews, see Kuohung & Kaiser 2006; Smith et al. 2006; Dhillo et al. 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the porcine Kisspeptins receptor gene and evaluation as candidate for timing of puberty in sows

Ren

Yang

et al. 2008

J Animal Breeding Genetics

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Kisspeptins receptor (KISS1R), also called GPR54, is a key regulator of puberty in many species. KISS1R and its genetics in pigs remain unexplored. The objective of this study was to characterize the porcine KISS1R gene and evaluate the association of KISS1R mutations with age at puberty in sows. KISS1R was assigned to pig chromosome 2q21-24 by radiation hybrid mapping. It has a 1438 bp full-length cDNA and spans 3349 bp genomic sequence consisting of five exons and four introns. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that KISS1R transcripts was particularly abundant in the adrenal, prostate, testis, thymus, pituary and hypothalamus. KISS1R mRNA content in the hypothalamus was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and it fluctuated during the oestrous cycle with the highest level in the luteal phase. Anoestrus sows had markedly lower hypothalamic KISS1R mRNA content than cyclic animals. Seven KISS1R SNPs were identified in the founder animals of a White Duroc x Erhualian intercross. One missense mutation (T/C(245)) showed quite different allele distribution in Chinese and Western breeds. All F(0), F(1) animals and 367 detailed phenotyped cyclic F(2) sows in the White Duroc x Erhualian intercross were genotyped for three KISS1R polymorphisms. No significant association of KISS1R haplotypes and haplotype pairs with age at puberty was observed in the resource population, indicating that mutations in KISS1R are not responsible for divergent age at puberty in White Duroc and Erhualian pigs.

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The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on liver oxidant and antioxidant systems in young male rats

Direct and indirect effects of kisspeptin on liver oxidant and antioxidant systems in young male rats

Sexual differentiation and the Kiss1 system: Hormonal and developmental considerations

Characterization of the porcine Kisspeptins receptor gene and evaluation as candidate for timing of puberty in sows

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