The neural implementation of task rule activation in the task-cuing paradigm: An event-related fMRI study

Shi, Yiquan; Zhou, Xiaolin; Müller, Hermann J.; Schubert, Torsten

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.097

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The words "gender" or "colour" with and without S-R mappings Shi, Zhou, Muller & Schubert, (2010) Letter-digit pair Classify digit as odd/even or letter as vowel/consonant.…”

Section: Classify or Colour Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Is performance in task-cuing experiments mediated by task set selection or associative compound retrieval?

Forrest¹,

Monsell²,

McLaren³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Task-cuing experiments are usually intended to explore control of task-set. But when small stimulus sets are used, they plausibly afford learning of the response associated with a combination of cue and stimulus, without reference to tasks. In three experiments we presented the typical trials of a task-cuing experiment: a cue (colored shape) followed, after a short or long interval, by a digit to which one of two responses was required. In a "Tasks" condition, participants were (as usual) directed to interpret the cue as an instruction to perform either an odd/even or a high/low classification task. In a "CSR" condition, to induce learning of mappings between cue-stimulus compound and response, participants were: in Experiment 1, given standard task instructions and additionally encouraged to learn the CSR mappings; in Experiment 2, informed of all the CSR mappings and asked to learn them, without standard task instructions; in Experiment 3, required to learn the mappings by trial and error. The effects of a task switch, response congruence, preparation, and transfer to a new set of stimuli, differed substantially between the conditions in ways indicative of classification according to task rules in the Tasks condition, and retrieval of responses specific to stimulus-cue combinations in the CSR conditions. Qualitative features of the latter could be captured by an associative learning network. Hence associatively-based compound retrieval can serve as the basis for performance with a small stimulus set. But, when organisation by tasks is apparent, control via task-set selection is the natural and efficient strategy.Keywords: task-switching, task-cuing, associative learning, conditional discrimination, connectionist modeling Forrest Monsell & McLaren 3 Human behaviour is often attributed to two types of processing: a set of controlled, resource-limited, and effortful processes, and a complementary set of involuntary, resourceunlimited and effortless processes. These have been referred to as "cognitive" and "associative" (McLaren, Green & Mackintosh, 1994) or as "intentional" and "automatic" (Jacoby, 1991). Typically, processes at both levels are thought to operate simultaneously, with a degree of independence (see McLaren, Green and Mackintosh, 1994 for a statement of this position and Mitchell, De Houwer & Lovibond 2009;Shanks, 2010 for critical reviews of it). In this paper, we examine aspects of performance in a task-switching paradigm often assumed to index "executive" or "endogenous" control processes, and ask to what extent performance might instead be accounted for by associative learning.Reconfiguring one's mind to perform a different task, especially when the environment continues to afford the previous task, seems a paradigmatic case of a controlled (endogenous, top-down, voluntary) cognitive process. Task-switching experiments intended to exercise and measure task-set control have attracted considerable interest over the last two decades (see Kiesel et al 2010;Monsell, 2003;Vandierendonck, ...

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“…The words "gender" or "colour" with and without S-R mappings Shi, Zhou, Muller & Schubert, (2010) Letter-digit pair Classify digit as odd/even or letter as vowel/consonant.…”

Section: Classify or Colour Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Is performance in task-cuing experiments mediated by task set selection or associative compound retrieval?

Forrest¹,

Monsell²,

McLaren³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…Shi et al, 2010). Depending on the preceding cue and independently of the task goal, participants had to respond according to one of two S-R mappings.…”

Section: Operationalization Of How Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several task-switching studies have argued for the involvement of the IPS, which is thought to be systematically involved in programming motor responses (Mars et al, 2007), in task preparation related to the S-R association (Bode and Haynes, 2009;Brass and von Cramon, 2004;Shi et al, 2010). Also Woolgar et al (2011) found information on S-R mapping rules in the IPS but also in the postcentral gyrus during a simple stimulus-response task.…”

Section: Representation Of "How" Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, first attempts have been made to get a better understanding of the neural representation of the how component of cognitive control. Shi et al (2010) demonstrated that both frontal and parietal brain areas showed higher activation during task set preparation when information was provided on the specific S-R mappings to use compared with the situation in which only information on the type of task to execute was provided. Using multivariate decoding techniques, Bode and Haynes (2009) and Woolgar et al (2011) found support for the involvement of these areas in the representation of S-R mappings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The what and how components of cognitive control

2012

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“…The language control network involves lateral and medial prefrontal areas, parietal areas, and the caudate nucleus (see Abutalebi & Green, 2008, for a review). On the other hand, in task switching, a frontoparietal network is generally observed, including lateral and medial prefrontal, premotor, and anterior and posterior parietal regions as well as the BG (De Baene, Albers, & Brass, 2012;De Baene & Brass, 2011;Shi, Zhou, Müller, & Schubert, 2010;Crone, Wendelken, Donohue, & Bunge, 2006;Yeung, Nystrom, Aronson, & Cohen, 2006;Barber & Carter, 2005;Ruge et al, 2005;Braver, Reynolds, & Donaldson, 2003;Brass & von Cramon, 2002;Dreher & Berman, 2002;Dreher, Koechlin, Ali, & Grafman, 2002;Rushworth, Hadland, Paus, & Sipila, 2002;Rushworth, Paus, & Sipila, 2001;Dove, Pollmann, Schubert, Wiggins, & Yves von Cramon, 2000;Kimberg, Aguirre, & D'Esposito, 2000;Sohn, Ursu, Anderson, Stenger, & Carter, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Circuit for Cognitive Control Is Shared by Task and Language Switching

Baene

Duyck

Braß

et al. 2015

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

155

117

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Abstract■ Controlling multiple languages during speech production is believed to rely on functional mechanisms that are (at least partly) shared with domain-general cognitive control in early, highly proficient bilinguals. Recent neuroimaging results have indeed suggested a certain degree of neural overlap between language control and nonverbal cognitive control in bilinguals. However, this evidence is only indirect. Direct evidence for neural overlap between language control and nonverbal cognitive control can only be provided if two prerequisites are met: Language control and nonverbal cognitive control should be compared within the same participants, and the task requirements of both conditions should be closely matched. To provide such direct evidence for the first time, we used fMRI to examine the overlap in brain activation between switch-specific activity in a linguistic switching task and a closely matched nonlinguistic switching task, within participants, in early, highly proficient Spanish-Basque bilinguals. The current findings provide direct evidence that, in these bilinguals, highly similar brain circuits are involved in language control and domaingeneral cognitive control. ■

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The neural implementation of task rule activation in the task-cuing paradigm: An event-related fMRI study

Cited by 20 publications

References 67 publications

Is performance in task-cuing experiments mediated by task set selection or associative compound retrieval?

Is performance in task-cuing experiments mediated by task set selection or associative compound retrieval?

The what and how components of cognitive control

Brain Circuit for Cognitive Control Is Shared by Task and Language Switching

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