The Neural Basis of Age-Related Changes in Motor Imagery of Gait: An fMRI Study

Allali, Gilles; Meulen, Marian van der; Beauchet, Olivier; Rieger, Sebastian Walter; Vuilleumier, Patrik; Assal, Frédéric

doi:10.1093/gerona/glt207

Cited by 115 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In both young and older subjects, a network comprising the supplementary motor cortex, primary motor cortex, right prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum, (regions in which MNs are active) is activated during motor imagery of gait (Allali et al , 2014). But these imaging recordings have not been replicated by cellular recording in the prefrontal cortex or cerebellum.…”

Section: Gait and Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does dysfunction of the mirror neuron system contribute to symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Eisen

Lemon

Kiernan

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Eisen et al, Mirror Neurons in ALS 2 Declaration of interest:The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. Eisen et al, Mirror Neurons in ALS 3 Abbreviations:ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ADM: adductor digiti minimi; APB: abductor pollicic brevis; bvFTD: Behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia; FTD: Frontotemporal dementia; fMRI: functional MRI; MNS: Mirror neuron system; M1: Primary motor cortex; PTNs: Pyramidal tract neurons; vMPFC: Ventral medial prefrontal cortex. Eisen et al, Mirror Neurons in ALS 4 AbstractThere is growing evidence that mirror neurons, initially discovered over two decades ago in the monkey, are present in the human brain. In the monkey, mirror neurons characteristically fire not only when it is performing an action, such as grasping an object, but also when observing a similar action performed by another agent (human or monkey). In this review we discuss the origin, cortical distribution and possible functions of mirror neurons as a background to exploring their potential relevance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have recently proposed that ALS (and the related condition of frontotemporal dementia) may be viewed as a failure of interlinked functional complexes having their origins in key evolutionary adaptations. The mirror neuron system is considered by many to be the basis of primates' social cognition, with a clear evolutionary advantage. Impaired empathy and motor control has been related to a defective mirror neuron system. In ALS, the mirror neuron system might be implicated in empathy, the split-hand syndrome, gait, speech, and related languagegesture impairments.Eisen et al, Mirror Neurons in ALS 5

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Section: Gait and Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hippocampal activity is modulated by task difficulty in the elderly participants. (Allali et al , 2014).…”

Section: Gait and Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dysfunction of the mirror neuron system contribute to symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Eisen

Lemon

Kiernan

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Hippocampal neurochemistry as well as hippocampal volumes or hippocampal grey matter integrity were independently associated with gait control during normal aging (Zimmerman et al 2009;Rosso et al 2014). This hippocampal involvement was also confirmed by functional MRI protocol using mental imagery of gait to assess the age-related neural correlates of gait control (Zwergal et al 2012;Allali et al 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In addition, the high step-length variability group showed greater relative deactivations in the temporal lobe, especially in the hippocampus, during treadmill walking compared with the low step-length variability group. Second, mental imagery of gait was used to assess the neural correlates of gait control in healthy older adults (Zwergal et al 2012;Allali et al 2014b). Compared to younger adults, older adults activates more diffused brain networks involving cortical regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus) as well as subcortical structures (brainstem and cerebellum) in order to perform the same walking task than the young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodic memory and executive function impairments in non-demented older adults: which are the respective and combined effects on gait performances?

Beauchet

Launay

Fantino

et al. 2015

AGE

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Gait control depends in part on cognition. This study aims to examine the separate and combined effects of episodic memory and executive function impairments on the mean value and the coefficient of variation (CoV) of stride time among non-demented older community dwellers. Based on a cross-sectional design, 1458 older community dwellers without dementia (70.6 ± 4.9 years; 49.2 % female) were recruited and separated into cognitively healthy individuals (CHI) and individuals with cognitive impairment. A score ≤5/6 on the Short MiniMental State Examination defined episodic memory impairment. Impaired executive function was defined by errors on the clock-drawing test. Mean value and CoVof stride time were measured by the GAITRite® system. A total of 517 participants (35.5 %) had cognitive impairment in at least one cognitive domain. Participants with memory impairment (P = 0.006) and those with combined cognitive impairments (P < 0.001) had greater (i.e., worse gait performance) mean value of stride time (P = 0.006) compared to CHI. Participants with combined cognitive impairment had a greater CoV of stride time (i.e., worse gait performance) compared to CHI (P = 0.004) and to those with separate memory impairment (P = 0.037). Among participants with combined cognitive impairments, mean value and CoV of stride time had the highest effect size (respectively, effect size = 0.49 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.27;0.71] and effect size = 0.40 [95 %CI 0.18;0.62]). Participants with episodic memory or executive impairments had a greater mean value and CoV of stride time compared to those with no cognitive impairment. Combined episodic memory and executive impairments exceeded the sum of separate impairments on gait performances, suggesting a complex interplay going beyond a simple additive effect.

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“…Novel paradigms, such as mental imagery of walking or analytic approaches to network detection, reveal that networks extend beyond the traditional mobility-related regional boundaries, especially to involve the prefrontal areas (3,4).…”

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confidence: 99%