The Network of Neighborhoods and Geographic Space: Implications for Joblessness While on Parole

Abstract

Irvine. His research interests focus on how neighborhoods change over time, how that change both affects and is affected by neighborhood crime, and the role networks and institutions play in that change. He approaches these questions using quantitative methods as well as social network analysis. He has published substantive work in such journals as American Sociological Review, Criminology, Social Forces, Social Problems, Social Networks, City & Community, Urban Studies and Journal of Urban Affairs. He has published methodological work in such journals as Sociological Methodology, Psychological Methods, and Structural Equation Modeling. Acknowledgements: We thank Marisa Omori for her input on an earlier draft of this paper.

Coerced work during parole: Prevalence, mechanisms, and characteristics

“…Beyond the market‐level forces constraining employment opportunities, formerly incarcerated people face additional barriers to employment at reentry. These barriers include those experienced by most marginalized workers (e.g., lower educational attainment, transportation, and lack of work experience), as well as additional barriers unique to their parole status, including outright barring from licensure for certain occupations (Harris & Keller, 2005; May, 1995); spatial mismatch between parolee daily activities and available jobs (Boessen & Hipp, 2021; Sugie & Lens, 2017); and the impacts of time incarcerated, including atrophied social networks and gaps in employment histories (Petersilia, 2003; Western, 2002). Furthermore, the stigma associated with a criminal record and/or history of incarceration results in employer aversion to hiring formerly incarcerated applicants (Holzer et al., 2006; Pager, 2003; Sugie et al., 2020).…”

Environmental inequality in the neighborhood networks of urban mobility in US cities

“…However, only a few of these studies have examined race or class differences in mobility, finding that minority and poor neighborhoods are generally isolated from White and nonpoor areas ( 28 – 31 ). Furthermore, even fewer studies have examined exposure to other neighborhood conditions outside of racial and poverty composition and how this exposure is stratified by race and class ( 32 – 34 ). In other words, although we know that residents travel to distant neighborhoods and the socioeconomic and racial compositions of these neighborhoods follow patterns of social isolation and segregation, we know little else about their other ecological features.…”