Environmental inequality in the neighborhood networks of urban mobility in US cities

Abstract

Significance Exposure to air pollution within one’s residential neighborhood has detrimental consequences on health and well-being. Yet, this effect may be mitigated or exacerbated because individuals spend much of their time outside of their residential neighborhood to travel to neighborhoods across a city for work, errands, and leisure. Using mobile phone data to track neighborhood mobility in large US cities, I find that residents from minority and poor neighborhoods travel to neighborhoods that have greater air pollution levels than the neighborhoods that residents from White and nonpoor neighborhoods visit. These results reveal that minority and poor residents face environmental inequalities at three geographic scales: the neighborhoods they live in, their bordering neighborhoods, and the neighborhoods they visit.

Selective Daily Mobility Bias in the Community Food Environment: Case Study of Greater Hartford, Connecticut

“…According to SafeGraph, no privacy rights were violated during data collection; the data do not contain individual information; and the data cannot be “de-anonymized” using any known method of re-identification [ 39 ]. Previous studies showed that the mobile-device sample in SafeGraph is generally representative of the general population in terms of sociodemographic variables (e.g., racial/ethnic composition, educational attainment, and income) and the overall US Census population count [ 40 , 41 ]. Using SafeGraph data, we included all restaurant POIs in the Greater Hartford region.…”

Cellular mechanisms linking to outdoor and indoor air pollution damage during pregnancy

“…Indoor pollutants are mostly caused by human interaction at home and in classrooms, but they can also be found in daycare centers, social entertainment settings, and micro-environments, including automobiles, buses, trains, and airplanes ( 132 , 134 ). Indoor air pollutants can become outdoor air pollutants, resulting in the so-called “neighborhood” pollution effect ( 132 ); this is especially relevant in disadvantaged neighborhoods that may use biomass for cooking or heating, which increases the concentration of pollutants in their living area, compared to people living in more socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods ( 135 ). Allergens, mainly house dust mites and insects, pollen, animal sources, molds, and bacterial endotoxins, are examples of biological indoor air pollutants ( 136 ).…”

Cadmium Exposure and Renal Damage in Individuals with Low Socioeconomic Status in Environmentally Vulnerable Areas

“…3,4) 사회경제적 취약지역에 거주하는 인구집단은 오염시설과의 근접성, 녹지 자연, 교통 등 주거 외 환경뿐만 아 니라 건물의 노후화, 실내 공기오염, 화학물질, 온습도, 위생상 태 등의 주거 내 환경으로 인하여 환경유해인자 노출에 보다 취 약할 수 있고, 5) 이와 같이 지리적 취약성을 가진 취약집단의 환 경유해인자 노출이 높게 나타난다는 연구결과가 상당수 보고 되고 있다. 3,[6][7][8][9] 여러 환경유해물질 중 카드뮴은 광산이나 제련 등 지역사회 오염원 배출과 관계가 깊으므로 10) 환경오염의 공간적 취약성과 관계를 가지게 되며 저소득이나 소수민족 공동체의 주거지역에 서 더 높은 노출수준을 보이는 것으로 전해진다. 11) 국내 연구들 도 사회경제적 수준이 낮은 집단의 카드뮴 노출수준이 높은 것 으로 보고한 바 있다.…”