The Network of Antigen-Antibody Reactions in Adult Women with Breast Cancer or Benign Breast Pathology or without Breast Pathology

Abstract

The Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to different protein antigens of the mammary ductal carcinoma by adult women affected by Breast Cancer (BC) distinguishes at least 103 proteins that differ in their molecular weights (MW). The IgG producing cell clones (nodes) coexist with each other in each individual organism and share energy resources among themselves, as well as factors that control the level of expression and Specificity of their IgG antibodies. So, it can be proposed that among them there is a Network of interconnections (links) unveiled by the antigens, which specifically react with the IgG antibodies produced by the clones. This Network possibly regulates IgG antibodies' activity and effectiveness. We describe the Network of nodes and links that exists between the different antigens and their respective IgG producing cell clones against the extracted protein antigens from the cells of the T47D Cell-Line, in 50 women with BC, 50 women with Benign Breast Pathology (BBP) and 50 women without breast pathology (H). We have found that women with BBP have the highest number of Links, followed by the H group and, lastly, the women with BC, a finding which suggests that cancer interferes with the Connectivity between the IgG producing cell clones and blocks the expression of 322 links in women with BBP and 32 links in women with H. It is also plausible that the largest number of links in the women with BBP indicates the Network’s state of arousal that provides protection against BC. On the other hand, there were many missing links in the BC group of women; the clone which lost more links in the BC group was the hub 24, which point to some of the antigens of T47D as potentially useful as vaccines, as the immune system of women with BBP is well aware of them.

Psychological suppressive profile and autoantibodies variability in women living with breast cancer: A prospective cross-sectional study

“…In a previous study, we showed, on the one hand, that the number of serum proteins recognized by autoantibodies increases in BC patients as compared with BBP patients or H women ( Romo-González et al., 2015 ). On the other hand, the inter-individuals variability of these protein profiles was significantly less in BC patients than BBP patients or H women.…”

“…Both sets of observations, confirmed in the present study, suggest that even though BC patients seem to release a higher number of antigenic proteins and/or a greater number of autoimmune B-lymphocyte clones, the immune-serological response is much more homogeneous in BC patients than that demonstrated by BBP patients and healthy women. From a network analysis standpoint, this would mean that the network in BC patients is weak, as compared with the BBP patient or H women's networks, by decreasing the connectivity established toward a handful of hubs, represented here by the identifying high-risk protein bands, even though the number of nodes increases ( Albert and Barabasi, 2000 ; Romo-González et al., 2015 ). In support of these contentions stands the fact that the number of nodes receiving between 19 and 24 connections (hubs) was significantly lower in women diagnosed with BC than in those with BBP or considered to be healthy ( Romo-González et al., 2015 ).…”

“…From a network analysis standpoint, this would mean that the network in BC patients is weak, as compared with the BBP patient or H women's networks, by decreasing the connectivity established toward a handful of hubs, represented here by the identifying high-risk protein bands, even though the number of nodes increases ( Albert and Barabasi, 2000 ; Romo-González et al., 2015 ). In support of these contentions stands the fact that the number of nodes receiving between 19 and 24 connections (hubs) was significantly lower in women diagnosed with BC than in those with BBP or considered to be healthy ( Romo-González et al., 2015 ).…”

“…This method consists of plotting each band frequency in a given group against the same band's frequency in a contrasting group ( Larralde et al., 1989 ). Further information on the procedure and the characteristics of the immune profiles for Mexican women may be revisited in the study by Romo-González et al. (2015) .…”

Qa-2 expression levels is related with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes profile during solid Ehrlich tumor development

“…Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in developing country (Delort, et al, 2015, Engels, et al, 2015. This is responsible for many deaths in worldwide (Romo-Gonzalez, et al, 2015). Treatment consists of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.…”