The nervous system and adipose tissue

Dalziel, K.

doi:10.1016/0738-081x(89)90043-6

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Sympathetic stimulation has long been recognized to mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissues (Dalziel, 1989). However, WAT is sparsely innervated compared to BAT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connexin 43 Mediates White Adipose Tissue Beiging by Facilitating the Propagation of Sympathetic Neuronal Signals

et al. 2016

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“Beige” adipocytes reside in white adipose tissue (WAT) and dissipate energy as heat. Several studies have shown that cold temperature can activate proopiomelanocortin-expressing (POMC) neurons and increase sympathetic neuronal tone to regulate WAT beiging. However, WAT is traditionally known to be sparsely innervated. Details regarding the neuronal innervation and more importantly, the propagation of the signal within the population of “beige” adipocytes are sparse. Here, we demonstrate that beige adipocytes display an increased cell-to-cell coupling via connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junction channels. Blocking of Cx43 channels by 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid decreases POMC activation-induced adipose tissue beiging. Adipocyte-specific deletion of Cx43 reduces WAT beiging to a level similar to that observed in denervated fat pads. In contrast, overexpression of Cx43 is sufficient to promote beiging even with mild cold stimuli. These data reveal the importance of cell-to-cell communication in adipose tissue for the propagation of limited neuronal inputs, resulting in effective beiging.

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“…Sympathetic stimulation has long been recognized to mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissues (Dalziel, 1989). However, WAT is sparsely innervated compared to BAT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connexin 43 Mediates White Adipose Tissue Beiging by Facilitating the Propagation of Sympathetic Neuronal Signals

et al. 2016

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“…[Dalziel 57] suggested that the autonomous nervous system mediates pain in Dercum’s disease. The theory is supported in that, even though the sympathetic nervous system is efferent, sympathectomy sometimes relieves neuropathic pain, where evidence of damage to neural structures exists [58].…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theory is supported in that, even though the sympathetic nervous system is efferent, sympathectomy sometimes relieves neuropathic pain, where evidence of damage to neural structures exists [58]. This has been explained by the formation of abnormal connections between autonomic and sensory nerves in the periphery and, as a consequence, abnormal autonomic signalling to the spinal column that might activate pain fibres [57]. However, in conditions where neural damage cannot be found, the effect on pain might be caused by the placebo response [59].…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of such factors are anoxemia, formation and accumulation of pain-producing substances, traction or compression of vessels, inflammatory states, and necrosis [57]. Nonetheless, any substantial evidence of nervous system dysfunction has never been found in Dercum’s disease and is hence merely a theory.…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ‘dry’ technique was applied by all investigators, with the exception of one, who used the tumescence technique with 0.1 percent prilocarpine solution. The mechanism behind pain relief following liposuction is thought to be that nerve plexuses in the adipose tissue are destroyed [57]. However, it is unlikely that direct nerve destruction alone explains the pain reduction seen following liposuction [48].…”

Section: Management Including Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Dercum’s disease and proposal of diagnostic criteria, diagnostic methods, classification and management

Hansson

Svensson

Brorson

2012

Orphanet J Rare Dis

105

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Definition and clinical picture: We propose the minimal definition of Dercum's disease to be generalised overweight or obesity in combination with painful adipose tissue. The associated symptoms in Dercum's disease include fatty deposits, easy bruisability, sleep disturbances, impaired memory, depression, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, diabetes, bloating, constipation, fatigue, weakness and joint aches. Classification:We suggest that Dercum's disease is classified into: I. Generalised diffuse form A form with diffusely widespread painful adipose tissue without clear lipomas, II. Generalised nodular form -a form with general pain in adipose tissue and intense pain in and around multiple lipomas, and III. Localised nodular form -a form with pain in and around multiple lipomas IV. Juxtaarticular form -a form with solitary deposits of excess fat for example at the medial aspect of the knee.Epidemiology: Dercum's disease most commonly appears between the ages of 35 and 50 years and is five to thirty times more common in women than in men. The prevalence of Dercum's disease has not yet been exactly established.Aetiology: Proposed, but unconfirmed aetiologies include: nervous system dysfunction, mechanical pressure on nerves, adipose tissue dysfunction and trauma. Diagnosis and diagnostic methods: Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and should be made by systematic physical examination and thorough exclusion of differential diagnoses. Advisably, the diagnosis should be made by a physician with a broad experience of patients with painful conditions and knowledge of family medicine, internal medicine or pain management. The diagnosis should only be made when the differential diagnoses have been excluded. Differential diagnosis: Differential diagnoses include: fibromyalgia, lipoedema, panniculitis, endocrine disorders, primary psychiatric disorders, multiple symmetric lipomatosis, familial multiple lipomatosis, and adipose tissue tumours. Genetic counselling: The majority of the cases of Dercum's disease occur sporadically. A to G mutation at position A8344 of mitochondrial DNA cannot be detected in patients with Dercum's disease. HLA (human leukocyte antigen) typing has not revealed any correlation between typical antigens and the presence of the condition. Management and treatment: The following treatments have lead to some pain reduction in patients with Dercum's disease: Liposuction, analgesics, lidocaine, methotrexate and infliximab, interferon α-2b, corticosteroids, calcium-channel modulators and rapid cycling hypobaric pressure. As none of the treatments have led to long lasting complete pain reduction and revolutionary results, we propose that Dercum's disease should be treated in multidisciplinary teams specialised in chronic pain. Prognosis: The pain in Dercum's disease seems to be relatively constant over time.

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Subcutaneous Fat

Black¹,

Cunliffe²

2004

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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The nervous system and adipose tissue

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Connexin 43 Mediates White Adipose Tissue Beiging by Facilitating the Propagation of Sympathetic Neuronal Signals

Connexin 43 Mediates White Adipose Tissue Beiging by Facilitating the Propagation of Sympathetic Neuronal Signals

Review of Dercum’s disease and proposal of diagnostic criteria, diagnostic methods, classification and management

Subcutaneous Fat

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