The Neonicotinoid Thiacloprid Interferes with the Development, Brain Antioxidants, and Neurochemistry of Chicken Embryos and Alters the Hatchling Behavior: Modulatory Potential of Phytochemicals

Abstract

The present experiment was performed to investigate the toxic impact of thiacloprid (TH) on the brain of developing chicken embryos and also to measure its influence on the behavioral responses of hatchlings. The role of chicoric acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) in modulating the resulted effects was also investigated. The chicken eggs were in ovo inoculated with TH at different doses (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ug/egg). TH increased the mortality and abnormality rates and altered the neurochemical parameters of exposed embryos dose-dependently. TH also decreased the brain level of monoamines and amino acid neurotransmitters and decreased the activities of acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and Na+/K+-ATPase. The brain activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was diminished with downregulation of their mRNA expressions in the brain tissue. When TH was co-administered with CA and RA, the toxic impacts of the insecticide were markedly attenuated, and they showed a complementary effect when used in combination. Taken together, these findings suggested that TH is neurotoxic to chicken embryos and is possibly neurotoxic to embryos of other vertebrates. The findings also demonstrated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of CA and RA. Based on the present findings, the CA and RA can be used as invaluable ameliorative of TH-induced toxicity.

The protective role of l-carnitine on oxidative stress, neurotransmitter perturbations, astrogliosis, and apoptosis induced by thiamethoxam in the brains of male rats

“…These changes may suggest a nervous system functioning deficit. These altered functions caused by TMX may be due to the identified oxidative damage, and they are most likely linked to neuronal dysfunction, as previously suggested by Farag et al ( 2022 ). According to Saied and Hassan ( 2014 ), BPA (endocrine disruptor) such as TMX can disrupt dopaminergic transmission by altering various processes such as DA synthesis, release, and turnover, as well as the expression of both DA transporters and receptors.…”

In ovo protective effects of chicoric and rosmarinic acids against Thiacloprid-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and growth retardation on newly hatched chicks

“…In agreement with our data, CA ameliorated the oxidative damage and enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the liver of rats poisoned with methotrexate ( Hussein et al, 2020 ) and in HepG2 cells treated with H 2 O 2 and larval zebrafish model ( Ma et al, 2018 ). Moreover, CA ameliorated the oxidative stress induced by TH in the brain of hatchlings ( Farag et al, 2022b ) and lungs of LPS-treated mice ( Ding et al, 2019 ). The antioxidant activity of CA can be returned to its efficient free radical scavenging potential ( Zhu et al, 2018 ) and via the activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 and HO-1 transcriptional pathways responsible for the expression of antioxidant proteins ( Ma et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Recently, our experimental studies demonstrated the in ovo neurotoxicity effects of TH during chick embryo development that affects brain development and hatching behavior ( Farag et al 2021 ; Alagawany and Farag 2022 ; Farag et al, 2022b ). Preimplantation embryos of rabbits and mice exposed to TH in-vitro showed increased apoptosis incidence and decreased cell proliferation in the blastocysts ( Babeľová et al, 2017 ; Arain et al., 2022 ).…”

Short-term impact of anthropogenic environment on neuroplasticity

“…The effect of exposure to thiacloprid may also be linked to the inflammatory processes occurring in the other organs. Thiacloprid neurotoxicity was also suggested to be due to its functioning as both an antagonist and agonist at the nAChR (145,146), which needs to be confirmed by future studies. Knowing that the different generations of neonicotinoids do not have the same properties (absorption, metabolism, interaction with receptors, etc.…”

“…In general, stimulation in the posterior hypothalamus (PH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) increases the arterial pressure and heart rate (HR), whereas stimulation in the POA often has opposite effects(66). The PVN, the right anterior aspect of the LH/supraoptic nuclei (SON), and the AN have been proposed to have cardiovascular regulatory activity(145). There are six established hypothalamic-…”