The Neighborhood Energy Balance Equation: Does Neighborhood Food Retail Environment + Physical Activity Environment = Obesity? The CARDIA Study

Boone‐Heinonen, Janne; Diez‐Roux, Ana V.; Goff, David C.; Loria, Catherine M.; Kiefe, Catarina I.; Popkin, Barry M.; Gordon‐Larsen, Penny

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085141

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Other potential explanatory variables that have been associated with neighborhood deprivation and that may play a mediating role in weight gain include health risk behaviors, such as high dietary fat intake and excessive alcohol consumption, and built environment factors such as neighborhood food retail. 35,36 It was not possible to investigate dietary measures such as dietary fat intake or built environment measures such as food retail given the available data for this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Weight Gain

Powell‐Wiley¹,

Cooper-McCann

Ayers

et al. 2015

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Despite a proposed connection between neighborhood environment and obesity, few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between change in neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, as defined by moving between neighborhoods, and change in body weight. The purpose of this study is to examine the longitudinal relationship between moving to more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods and weight gain as a cardiovascular risk factor. Methods Weight (kg) was measured in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS), a multiethnic cohort aged 18–65 years, at baseline (2000–2002) and 7-year follow-up (2007–2009, N=1,835). Data were analyzed in 2013–2014. Geocoded addresses were linked to Dallas County, TX census block groups. A block group-level neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) was created. Multilevel difference-in-difference models with random effects and a Heckman correction factor (HCF) determined weight change relative to NDI change. Results Forty-nine percent of the DHS population moved (263 to higher NDI, 586 to lower NDI, 47 within same NDI), with blacks more likely to move than whites or Hispanics (p<0.01), but similar baseline BMI and waist circumference were observed in movers vs. non-movers (p>0.05). Adjusting for HCF, sex, race, and time-varying covariates, those who moved to areas of higher NDI gained more weight compared to those remaining in the same or moving to a lower NDI (0.64 kg per 1-unit NDI increase, 95% CI=0.09, 1.19). Impact of NDI change on weight gain increased with time (p=0.03). Conclusions Moving to more–socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods was associated with weight gain among DHS participants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Weight Gain

Powell‐Wiley¹,

Cooper-McCann

Ayers

et al. 2015

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…We calculated number of neighborhood amenities per 10,000 or 100,000 population, depending upon frequency of the given amenity. These population-scaled neighborhood measures were designed to separate the effects of raw counts of amenities and population density (Cervero and Kockelman 1997; Kestens and Daniel 2010); they were associated with behavior and body weight in prior studies in the CARDIA population (Boone-Heinonen, Gordon-Larsen et al 2011; Boone-Heinonen, Diez-Roux et al 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marriage and parenthood in relation to obesogenic neighborhood trajectories: The CARDIA study

et al. 2015

Self Cite

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Marriage and parenthood are associated with weight gain and residential mobility. Little is known about how obesity-relevant environmental contexts differ according to family structure. We estimated trajectories of neighborhood poverty, population density, and density of fast food restaurants, supermarkets, and commercial and public physical activity facilities for adults from a biracial cohort (CARDIA, n=4,174, aged 25–50) over 13 years (1992–93 through 2005–06) using latent growth curve analysis. We estimated associations of marriage, parenthood, and race with the observed neighborhood trajectories. Married participants tended to live in neighborhoods with lower poverty, population density, and availability of all types of food and physical activity amenities. Parenthood was similarly but less consistently related to neighborhood characteristics. Marriage and parenthood were more strongly related to neighborhood trajectories in whites (versus blacks), who, in prior studies, exhibit weaker associations between neighborhood characteristics and health. Greater understanding of how interactive family and neighborhood environments contribute to healthy living is needed.

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“…Longitudinal studies based on objectively measured outcomes are needed to strengthen the evidence base. Like cross-sectional studies, extant longitudinal research produced mixed results and most commonly measured healthy and unhealthy food availability solely as the number, density, or proximity of retail food outlets based on secondary data (Block et al, 2011; Boone-Heinonen et al, 2013; Gibson, 2011; Han et al, 2012; Li et al, 2009; Powell & Han, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Associations Between Observed and Perceived Neighborhood Food Availability and Body Mass Index in a Multiethnic Urban Sample

et al. 2016

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Introduction Blacks, Hispanics, and women of lower socioeconomic status tend to have a higher risk of obesity. Numerous studies over the past decade examined the role of the neighborhood food environment in body weight. However, few were longitudinal. Purpose This study examined whether multiple measures of neighborhood food availability were associated with body mass index (BMI) over time in a predominately black and Hispanic adult sample living in low to moderate income urban neighborhoods. Methods This longitudinal study utilized two waves of data (2002 (2008), including interviewer-measured height and weight, from a community survey of adults (n=219). In both 2002 and 2008, multiple measures characterized neighborhood food availability: GIS-derived availability of retail food outlets (large grocery store, small grocery store, convenience store, liquor stores), observed fruit and vegetable availability (count of stores selling 10 or more fresh fruit or vegetable varieties), and perceived fruit and vegetable access. Random intercept models estimated multivariable associations, controlling for individual-level demographics and neighborhood median household income. Results Small grocery store availability was associated with 1.22-unit increase in BMI (p=0.047), while each unit increase in perceived fruit and vegetable access was associated with a 0.69-unit decrease in BMI (p=0.055). BMI over time was not associated with large grocery store, convenience store, or liquor store availability, or with observed fruit and vegetable availability. Conclusions Findings suggest that improving the neighborhood food environment, particularly at small grocery stores, may help urban residents living in low to moderate income neighborhoods achieve healthier body weights over time.

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The Neighborhood Energy Balance Equation: Does Neighborhood Food Retail Environment + Physical Activity Environment = Obesity? The CARDIA Study

Cited by 55 publications

References 65 publications

Change in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Weight Gain

Change in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Weight Gain

Marriage and parenthood in relation to obesogenic neighborhood trajectories: The CARDIA study

Longitudinal Associations Between Observed and Perceived Neighborhood Food Availability and Body Mass Index in a Multiethnic Urban Sample

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