“…For some, the IAT only measures automatic associations (e.g., Rooth, ), or preferences (e.g., Howell & Ratliff, ) that might predict things like discriminatory behaviour, while others have used it as a direct measure of implicit stereotypes and prejudice (e.g., Rudman, Ashmore, & Gary, ). Rather than view this variation as evidence of widespread misinterpretation of the IAT and implicit bias, we regard this as part of ongoing historical contestation over the nature and meaning of prejudice as a social, psychological and moral problem (Cherry, ; Goodman & Rowe, ; Wetherell, ).…”