The nature of the memory deficit in Korsakoff's psychosis.

Dj, Murray; Ch, Hitchcock

doi:10.1037/h0082492

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…If a portion of the alphabet or a word is consciously revived as an implicit speech act, it could clearly cause a loss of strength for earlier items, reminding us that it is acts of internal speech that probably cause retroactive forgetting. However, the finding of Murray and Hitchcock (1974) that Korsakoff patients had good primacy effects but also had recency effects associated with a low value of α would be consistent with the view that holding earlier items in mind could also reduce encoding strength for later items.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…For example, Norman (1966) varied the presentation rate of digits presented for short-term recall and found that <t> remained about constant for presentation rates of 1, 4, 7, or 10 digits/s, whereas a decreased as the time available for processing each item decreased. Moreover, Murray and Hitchcock (1974) found that patients with Korsakoff's psychosis showed lower a than did alcoholic controls, with 0 being unaffected, and Elkin and Murray (1974) found that volunteers who went without sleep for up to 48 hours showed reduced a and, again, no change in <j> as contrasted with control subjects allowed normal sleep. These three studies all indicate that a, the initial encoding strength, is subject to manipulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of articulatory suppression on short-term recognition.

Murray¹,

Rowan²,

Smith³

1988

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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Using different formal terminologies, both Grossberg and Stone (1986) and Wickelgren and Norman (1966) have argued that an item in short-term memory has a strength that is determined by the combined influence of" later items entering store and the original encoding strength. It is shown in two experiments that, if d' is used to measure this strength in an immediate recognition task, articulatory suppression of any kind reduces encoding strength as compared with normal voicing; however, the nature of the suppression task determines the reduction in strength attributable to each new later item entering store. In particular, the more the suppression task involves memory extraneous to that for the target material, the greater the reduction in d'. It was also shown that, although the above conclusions are arrived at from analysing recency effects, primacy effects are also influenced by the nature of the suppression task. It must be concluded that articulatory suppression exerts its effects by preoccupying short-term store with extraneous material, one effect being that intralist rehearsal is prevented.RKMJMK Utilisant des terminologies formelles diffcrcntes, Grossbcrg ct Stone et Wickelgren et Norman ont soutcnu qu'un item dans la memoirc a court-termc a unc force determincc par 1'inlluence combince d'items tardifs ctant emmagasines et la force d'encodage originate. Nous avons montre dans deux experiences que si d' cst utilise pour mesurer cette force dans une tache dc reconnaissance immediate, une suppression articulatoire de n'importc quelle sorte rcduit la force d'encodage par comparaison a 1'elocution normalc; cependant la nature de la tachc de suppression determine la reduction dans la force attribuable a chaquc nouvel item tardil etant emmagasinc. En particulier, plus la tache de suppression itnpliquc une memoire etrangere a ccllc du materiel cible, plus grande est la reduction dans d'. Nous avons aussi montre que, bien quc les conclusions citccs plus haut ont etc derivees de 1'analyse des effets issus de choses rcccntes, les effets dc primautc sont aussi influences par la nature de la tache de suppression. II faut conclure que la suppression articulatoire excrcc ses effets en prcoccupant la memoirc a court-termc avee du materiel ctrangcr, un effet etant que la repetition intra-liste esl empechee.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of articulatory suppression on short-term recognition.

Murray¹,

Rowan²,

Smith³

1988

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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“…It is perhaps worth noting that a reduction in a has also been found in cases of brain lesions (Wickelgren, 1968) and in KorsakofFs psychosis (Murray & Hitchcock, 1973); it would seem that the ability to attend to and process material at the level of complexity required for immediate storage is a rather fragile one, vulnerable to a variety of stressful or traumatic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of sleep loss on short-term recognition memory.

Elkin¹,

Murray²

1974

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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The performance of 20 sleep-deprived subjects on a probe-recognition memory task was compared with that of 20 non-deprived controls over periods up to 55 hours. Recognition was either immediate or delayed by 20 seconds. The results showed that the sleep-deprived group made significantly more errors in the perception of the material, and, under the delay condition, retained less adequately those items correctly perceived. It is argued that these findings are consistent with the notion that sleep loss causes a deficit in attention, leading to misperception and a failure to rehearse adequately material presented for memorization.ALTHOUGH SLEEP-LOSS is known to impair performance on a wide variety of tasks such as vigilance (Deaton, Tobias, & Wilkinson, 1971), speed of addition (Williams & Lubin, 1967), and reaction time (Wilkinson, 1963), there has been relatively little investigation into the effects of sleep-loss on memory. Those studies that have been carried out (e.g., Edwards, 1941) have tended to show that retention is indeed vulnerable to the stress of sleep loss. Recently investigators have been concerned with describing more specifically those aspects of the memory process primarily affected by sleep loss. Williams, Lubin, and Goodnow (1959) attributed the poor performance by sleep-deprived subjects on a task of immediate recall to inadequate sensory registration. Lapses, or brief periods of sleep, were evoked as the explanatory concept; during a lapse the sleep-deprived subject failed to register the information presented, and hence was unable to recall it. The sufficiency of this conclusion was challenged in a subsequent study by Williams, Gieseking, and Lubin (1966). Their approach assured sensory registration, but the authors still found a significant decrement in measures of immediate recall for the sleep-deprived subjects. As storage and retrieval processes were found to be relatively intact, the authors concluded that formation of the memory trace after registration was inadequate. McLeod (1968), using measures of acquisition and rate of decay derived from a theory elaborated by Wickelgren and Norman

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“…We know from the work of Talland (1965) and others (e.g. Murray and Hitchcock 1973) that Korsakoff patients are quite poor at the recall of narrative, but this could be attributable to many things. Future research will have to elucidate the precise nature of any hippocampal role in context-specific memory.…”

Section: The Amnesic Syndrome 435mentioning

confidence: 99%