The Nature of the "Inorganic Phosphate" in Voluntary Muscle

Fiske, Cyrus H.; Subbarow, Y.

doi:10.1126/science.65.1686.401

Cited by 203 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…It was originally believed, and almost unchallenged, that the primary energy-producing reaction of muscle was lactic acid formation via the usage of glycogen. In 1927, Fiske and Subbarow (1927) showed that an Bunstable form of phosphorus (which we shall for the present designate as 'labile phosphorus')^, i.e. Bphosphocreatine^(PCr), decreased during contraction and was restored upon recovery.…”

Section: Actomyosin/cross-bridges and Atpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical perspective on heart function: the Frank–Starling Law

Sequeira

Velden

2015

Biophys Rev

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More than a century of research on the FrankStarling Law has significantly advanced our knowledge about the working heart. The Frank-Starling Law mandates that the heart is able to match cardiac ejection to the dynamic changes occurring in ventricular filling and thereby regulates ventricular contraction and ejection. Significant efforts have been attempted to identify a common fundamental basis for the Frank-Starling heart and, although a unifying idea has still to come forth, there is mounting evidence of a direct relationship between length changes in individual constituents (cardiomyocytes) and their sensitivity to Ca 2+ ions. As the Frank-Starling Law is a vital event for the healthy heart, it is of utmost importance to understand its mechanical basis in order to optimize and organize therapeutic strategies to rescue the failing human heart. The present review is a historic perspective on cardiac muscle function. We Brevive^a century of scientific research on the heart's fundamental protein constituents (contractile proteins), to their assemblies in the muscle (the sarcomeres), culminating in a thorough overview of the several synergistically events that compose the Frank-Starling mechanism. It is the authors' personal beliefs that much can be gained by understanding the Frank-Starling relationship at the cellular and whole organ level, so that we can finally, in this century, tackle the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying heart failure.

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Section: Actomyosin/cross-bridges and Atpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical perspective on heart function: the Frank–Starling Law

Sequeira

Velden

2015

Biophys Rev

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“…After 1 h at 37°C, the reactions were interrupted by the addition of 15% trichloroacetic acid for 10 min on ice. The released inorganic phosphate (P i ) was detected using 1% ammonium molybdate and 180 mM ferrous sulfate and measured by the method of Fiske and Subbarow (22). Samples were read at 660 nm, and the spontaneous hydrolysis of ATP was subtracted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosome Prereplication Machinery Contains a Single Functional Orc1/Cdc6 Protein, Which Is Typical of Archaea

et al. 2009

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In unicellular eukaryotes, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and in multicellular organisms, the replication origin is recognized by the heterohexamer origin recognition complex (ORC) containing six proteins, Orc1 to Orc6, while in members of the domain Archaea, the replication origin is recognized by just one protein, Orc1/Cdc6; the sequence of Orc1/Cdc6 is highly related to those of Orc1 and Cdc6. Similar to Archaea, trypanosomatid genomes contain only one gene encoding a protein named Orc1. Since trypanosome Orc1 is also homologous to Cdc6, in this study we named the Orc1 protein from trypanosomes Orc1/Cdc6. Here we show that the recombinant Orc1/Cdc6 from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcOrc1/Cdc6) and from Trypanosoma brucei (TbOrc1/Cdc6) present ATPase activity, typical of prereplication machinery components. Also, TcOrc1/Cdc6 and TbOrc1/Cdc6 replaced yeast Cdc6 but not Orc1 in a phenotypic complementation assay. The induction of Orc1/Cdc6 silencing by RNA interference in T. brucei resulted in enucleated cells, strongly suggesting the involvement of Orc1/Cdc6 in DNA replication. Orc1/Cdc6 is expressed during the entire cell cycle in the nuclei of trypanosomes, remaining associated with chromatin in all stages of the cell cycle. These results allowed us to conclude that Orc1/Cdc6 is indeed a member of the trypanosome prereplication machinery and point out that trypanosomes carry a prereplication machinery that is less complex than other eukaryotes and closer to archaea.

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“…They called this compound 'phosphagen', a name which is now used as a generic term for all of the naturally occurring guanidino phosphates. At about the same time, Fiske & Subbarow (1927) reported that they had isolated an unstable compound of phosphoric acid and creatine from voluntary muscle. This compound was hydrolyzed on stimulation and resynthesized when the muscle was permitted to recover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crystal structure of the disodium salt of N-phosphorylcreatine hydrate

Herriott¹,

Love²

1968

Acta Crystallogr Sect B

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N-Phosphorylcreatine, a biological 'high energy phosphate', serves as an energy reservoir in vertebrate muscles. Crystals of the disodium salt, Na2PN3C4OsHs.4½H20, were prepared. The space group is P21/c, with unit-cell dimensions a= 24.85, b= 6.64, c= 16.94 A and p= 109.5 o and two formula units per asymmetric unit. If a few weak reflections are ignored, the symmetry is that of the space group C2/c with the same unit-cell dimensions and one formula unit per asymmetric unit. The symmetry of the centered cell was assumed and the intensities of 4953 independent reflections were measured with use of balanced filters, Mo Kc( radiation and a Buerger-Supper-Pace automated diffractometer. Sayre's sign relation was used to determine the phases (signs) of 275 reflections and the resulting model was refined by Fourier and least-squares methods to a final R value for observed reflections of 0"083.The guanidino group is planar. All hydrogen atoms available for hydrogen bonding are used and form both inter-and intramolecular bonds. Observed differences between bond distances found in N-phosphorylcreatine and those found in the hydrolysis product creatine are not statistically significant and thus the structural basis of the instability of N-phosphorylcreatine remains unresolved.

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The Nature of the "Inorganic Phosphate" in Voluntary Muscle

Cited by 203 publications

References 1 publication

Historical perspective on heart function: the Frank–Starling Law

Historical perspective on heart function: the Frank–Starling Law

Trypanosome Prereplication Machinery Contains a Single Functional Orc1/Cdc6 Protein, Which Is Typical of Archaea

The crystal structure of the disodium salt of N-phosphorylcreatine hydrate

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