2010
DOI: 10.1007/s11682-010-9094-z
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The Nature of Processing Speed Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury: is Less Brain More?

Abstract: The cognitive constructs working memory (WM) and processing speed are fundamental components to general intellectual functioning in humans and highly susceptible to disruption following neurological insult. Much of the work to date examining speeded working memory deficits in clinical samples using functional imaging has demonstrated recruitment of network areas including prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). What remains unclear is the nature of this neural recruitment. The goal of this… Show more

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Cited by 59 publications
(50 citation statements)
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References 71 publications
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“…Investigators have almost universally observed increased involvement of the regions critical for WM, including prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and occasionally parietal regions in TBI (Christodoulou et al, 2001;Hillary et al, 2010Hillary et al, , 2011McAllister et al, 1999McAllister et al, , 2001Medaglia et al, 2011;Scheibel et al, 2007). There is also rich literature examining the role of frontal systems disruption and the critical contribution of cognitive control to deficit after TBI (McDowell et al, 1997;Hillary et al, 2010;Perlstein et al, 2004;Larson et al, 2006Larson et al, , 2007Scheibel et al, 2007Scheibel et al, , 2009. These studies offer heuristics as for how large-scale neuronal activity might adapt to TBI, including the potentially critical role of anterior networks and those involved in cognitive (or attentional) control.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Investigators have almost universally observed increased involvement of the regions critical for WM, including prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and occasionally parietal regions in TBI (Christodoulou et al, 2001;Hillary et al, 2010Hillary et al, , 2011McAllister et al, 1999McAllister et al, , 2001Medaglia et al, 2011;Scheibel et al, 2007). There is also rich literature examining the role of frontal systems disruption and the critical contribution of cognitive control to deficit after TBI (McDowell et al, 1997;Hillary et al, 2010;Perlstein et al, 2004;Larson et al, 2006Larson et al, , 2007Scheibel et al, 2007Scheibel et al, , 2009. These studies offer heuristics as for how large-scale neuronal activity might adapt to TBI, including the potentially critical role of anterior networks and those involved in cognitive (or attentional) control.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adicionalmente, os resultados encontrados com o escore Z também demonstram que a iniciação provavelmente é um prejuízo primário em relação à inibição, que parece ser secundário nesta amostra de pacientes pós-TCE. Achados similares foram previamente demonstrados a partir de uma alta incidência de danos em lobos frontais relatados em estudos com pacientes que sofreram TCE (Bigler, 2003) e relato de déficits nas FE foram demonstrados em componentes tais como a inibição (Skandsen et al, 2010), velocidade de processamento da informação (Hillary et al, 2010) e de flexibilidade cognitiva (Wood & Liossi, 2006). Embora as principais hipóteses explicativas para os achados encontrados seja a ocorrência de TCE, outros fatores de história de vida individuais, socioculturais que não foram mensurados neste estudo podem ter contribuído para isso.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Dada a importância das FEs para a funcionalidade e qualidade de vida, assim como a alta incidência de prejuízos nestas habilidades após quadros neurológi-cos, como o Traumatismo Cranioencefálico (TCE) (Skand-sen et al, 2010;Hillary et al, 2010;Wood & Liossi, 2007), a relação com as demais funções cognitivas tem sido detalhadamente investigada. Diversos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com o objetivo de propor modelos teóricos para as FEs, assim como de especificar a relação entre tais habilidades e processos mnemônicos, atencionais e linguísticos (Busch, McBride, Curtiss, & Vanderploeg, 2005;Diamond, 2013;Noël et al, 2012;Packwood et al, 2011).…”
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“…This indicates, according to the authors, that the neural network is the same as for healthy subjects, but the processing speed is slower. The prefrontal cortex plays a more important role in performing a cognitive task relating to the assessment of processing speed (Hillary et al, 2010). Reduced anisotropy in white matter after mild TBI was also detected by analysis using diffusion tensor imaging.…”
Section: Mental Fatigue and Cognitive Functionsmentioning
confidence: 94%