The nature of human sperm head vacuoles: a systematic literature review

Boitrelle, Florence; Guthauser, Bruno; Alter, Laura; Bailly, M.; Wainer, R.; Vialard, François; Albert, Martine; Selva, J.

doi:10.1186/2051-4190-23-3

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Interactome approach also identifies proteins involved in chromatin regulation as potential SPANX-A/D interactors such as several histones (testis-specific H1 histone (H1FNT) and histone 1 (HISTH1T)) and chromatin regulators (SET domain-containing protein 9 (SETD9) and histone deacetylase 11 (HADC11)). This is consistent with the fact that SPANX-A/D protein family is present inside nuclear vacuoles, which have been widely associated with chromatin condensation failure and genomic instability [18][19][20] ,. Therefore, our results indicate that SPANX-A/D might play an important role in sperm physiology by regulating chromatin organisation in mature spermatozoa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

SPANX-A/D protein subfamily plays a key role in nuclear organisation, metabolism and flagellar motility of human spermatozoa

Urizar-Arenaza

Osinalde

Akimov

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Human sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome (SpAnX) genes encode a protein family (SpAnX-A,-B,-c and-D), whose expression is limited to the testis and spermatozoa in normal tissues and to a wide variety of tumour cells. present only in hominids, SpAnX-A/D is exclusively expressed in post-meiotic spermatids and mature spermatozoa. However, the biological role of the protein family in human spermatozoa is largely unknown. combining proteomics and molecular approaches, the present work describes the presence of all isoforms of SpAnX-A/D in human spermatozoa and novel phosphorylation sites of this protein family. In addition, we identify 307 potential SpAnX-A/D interactors related to nuclear envelop, chromatin organisation, metabolism and cilia movement. Specifically, SPANX-A/D interacts with fumarate hydratase and colocalises with both fumarate hydratase and Tektin 1 proteins, involved in meeting energy demands for sperm motility, and with nuclear pore complex nucleoporins. We provide insights into the molecular features of sperm physiology describing for the first time a multifunctional role of SPANX-A/D protein family in nuclear envelope, sperm movement and metabolism, considered key functions for human spermatozoa. SpAnX-A/D family members, therefore, might be promising targets for sperm fertility management. Currently, over 186 million people worldwide have infertility problems 1 , and male factors represent approximately 40-50% of clinical infertility cases 2. Among other factors, anatomical or genetic abnormalities, problems in spermatogenesis or environmental factors 3 , are responsible for abnormal sperm parameters which contribute to male infertility. However, approximately 20-30% of men with normal sperm parameters have impaired fertility suggesting that male infertility can be caused by different deficiencies not yet described. The sperm protein associated with the nucleus mapped to the X chromosome (SPANX) family is a testis-specific multigene family. SPANX genes encode proteins that belong to the so-called "cancer testis antigens" (CTA) family, a group of proteins whose expression is limited to the testis and spermatozoa in normal tissues and to a wide variety of tumours 4,5. The SPANX family includes two subfamilies: the SPANX-N subfamily, composed of SPANX-N1,-N2,-N3,-N4 (in the locus Xq27.3) and-N5 (in the locus Xp11.22) that share a high level of sequence homology 6 ; and the SPANX-A/D subfamily, which includes SPANX-A1,-A2,-C,-D (in the locus Xq27.2) and-B (in the locus Xq27.1) with high sequence homology 5,7. Evolved from a common ancestor, the SPANX-N gene family is present in mice, rats and all primates, while the SPANX-A/D family is expressed only in hominids, including humans, bonobos and chimpanzees 8. All SPANX proteins exhibit a similar post-meiotic expression pattern during spermatogenesis, appearing for the first time in haploid spermatids 4,7,9. In mature spermatozoa, SPANX-N proteins are localised on the acrosome 6 , while SPANX-A/D proteins are expressed as dots

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

SPANX-A/D protein subfamily plays a key role in nuclear organisation, metabolism and flagellar motility of human spermatozoa

Urizar-Arenaza

Osinalde

Akimov

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A late paternal effect happening after this period could affect embryonic developmental arrest or may cause early abortions. Defected spermatozoa can lose early embryonic development through some mechanisms, containing fertilisation failure, embryo fragmentation or developmental arrest at the second pronuclear stage (Boitrelle et al, ). Garolla et al (, ) confirmed that spermatozoon with vacuoles was associated with a higher rate of DNA fragmentation, loosely packaged chromatin and abnormal chromosomes and sperm selection by MSOME can decrease the percentage of DNA fragmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMSI procedure improves clinical outcomes and embryo morphokinetics in patients with different aetiologies of male infertility

et al. 2019

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Our objective was to evaluate the effect of IMSI on embryo kinetics and clinical outcomes in patients with different aetiologies of male infertility. A total of 150 couples with different aetiologies of male infertility were randomly divided into ICSI and IMSI treatment groups (n = 75). ICSI was done accordingly. For IMSI group, the sperm selection was done using MSOME criteria and then injected. The zygotes were cultured in time‐lapse monitoring system (TLM) for 3 days. A total of 650 embryos were developed and assessed using TLM in two groups. Data showed the rate of fragmentation had significant correlation with different aetiologies (p = 0.01), and the timing of s1, t4, s2 and t5 occurred significantly later in oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) patients compared with others (p < 0.05). In IMSI group, there were no differences in the TLM parameters among different aetiologies (p > 0.05). The rates of chemical pregnancy and implantation (37.8% and 38.2% respectively) were insignificantly higher in OAT patients compare to others (p > 0.05). Also, the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates (32% and 32% respectively) were insignificantly higher in teratozoospermia (T) cases. Sperm selection with MSOME parameters and IMSI can improve the embryo morphokinetics and clinical outcomes in couples with male factor infertility, especially for OAT and T patients.

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“…As we recently reported in a review article [ 19 ], the relationship between the presence of vacuoles and the degree of sperm chromatin condensation has been extensively studied (for an overview, see Table 13.1 (reproduced from [ 19 ])). Some researchers have focused on chromatin condensation in spermatozoa with large vacuoles.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Sperm Head Vacuoles and Sperm Chrommentioning

confidence: 96%

“…P values in bold type are statistically signifi cant. Table from [ 19 ], an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited Firstly, in Cassuto et al's study of 26 patients, spermatozoa with an abnormally shaped head (i.e., an abnormal base and/or an asymmetric nuclear extrusion) and at least one large vacuole (although the size was not specifi ed) were selected under high magnifi cation [ 20 ]. This type of spermatozoa was referred to as "score-0."…”

Section: The Relationship Between Sperm Head Vacuoles and Sperm Chrommentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

MSOME and Sperm Chromatin Status

Boitrelle¹,

Albert²

2014

Non-Invasive Sperm Selection for in Vitro Fertilization

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Since the fi rst use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the early 1990s [ 1 ], this technique has become a powerful tool for infertile couples-particularly in cases of severe male infertility and low sperm counts [ 1 ]. However, although the "best-looking" or the "morphologically most normal" live spermatozoon is chosen in ICSI, it is well known that this selection does not guarantee nuclear quality or enable nuclear defects to be detected [ 2 , 3 ]. Over the last decade, several methods for better evaluation of the nuclear quality of live spermatozoa have been developed. For example, motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME, using Nomarski differential interferential contrast microscopy and high magnifi cation, >6,300×) was fi rst performed in the early 2000s [ 4 ]. This sperm observation technique reportedly enables better assessment of a spermatozoon's morphology and better visualization of sperm head vacuoles-structures that are not visible at a conventional ICSI-like magnifi cation (particularly if the vacuole is small, i.e., if it occupies <4 % of the sperm head's area) [ 4 ]. Sperm head vacuoles can be classifi ed in terms of their size (large or small), position (anterior or posterior), depth (deep or superfi cial), number (single or multiple), and frequency. They are found in semen with normal characteristics as well as in semen with abnormal characteristics. In a recent systematic review of the literature [ 5 ], we discussed the links between the presence of vacuoles and embryo development following intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI). In fact, individual spermatozoa differ in their ability to produce an embryo capable of implanting. Several studies have concluded that IMSI with morphometrically normal spermatozoa with no vacuoles or only one small vacuole is associated with signifi cantly higher blastocyst and/or pregnancy rates [ 6 , 7 ] (relative to IMSI with morphometrically abnormal spermatozoa or morphometrically normal spermatozoa with two or more small vacuoles or one large vacuole). Hence, we sought to answer the following questions. What underlies the putative relationships between blastocyst and/or pregnancy rates, sperm chromatin status and the spermatozoon's vacuolar status? Are vacuoles markers of sperm quality? Are they nuclear in nature and

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The nature of human sperm head vacuoles: a systematic literature review

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

SPANX-A/D protein subfamily plays a key role in nuclear organisation, metabolism and flagellar motility of human spermatozoa

SPANX-A/D protein subfamily plays a key role in nuclear organisation, metabolism and flagellar motility of human spermatozoa

IMSI procedure improves clinical outcomes and embryo morphokinetics in patients with different aetiologies of male infertility

MSOME and Sperm Chromatin Status

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