The Nature of Alpha Toxin Production by Staphylococcus aureus Grown in vivo.

Kapral, Frank A.; Keogh, A.; Taubler, James H.

doi:10.3181/00379727-119-30102

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…We believe that a knowledge of the differential rates of synthesis of exoproteins is essential to the understanding of their characteristics of secretion by S. aureus. Whilst it may be premature to make detailed comparisons, our results generally agree with those of Kapral et al (1965), using S. aureus 182, and Duncan & Cho (1g71), with strain Wood 46. Previous workers have failed to take the differential rate of synthesis into account when considering the factors affecting toxin production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…A number of different patterns for the development of a-toxin activity have been proposed. The most recent examples of the various possibilities suggest that it may be formed either during exponential growth only (Kapral, Keogh & Taubler, 1965) or throughout the growth cycle, but mainly after the end of exponential growth (Duncan & Cho, 1971). Further, Arbuthnott (1970) argued that toxin biosynthesis is not simply related to growth since, under certain conditions, growth was accompanied by the production of little or no a-toxin (see, for example, Gladstone, 1938).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Characteristics of Extracellular Protein Secretion by Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46) and their Relationship to the Regulation of -Toxin Formation

Abbas-Ali¹,

Coleman²

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYThe progress of secretion of a-toxin and total extracellular protein by Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46), grown aerobically at 37 "C, in a 3% (w/v) tryptone soya broth medium supplemented with vitamins was followed. Exoprotein was secreted at a high rate by intact bacteria during the exponential phase (to 9 h) and into the post-exponential phase. After 18 h, when exoprotein accounted for 33% of the total protein in the culture, no further exoprotein was secreted although the bacterial density continued to increase at a low rate beyond this time. During the phase of active secretion, a-toxin represented a constant proportion of total exoprotein, the differential rate of synthesis of which increased by a factor of four after the end of exponential growth. Concomitant with the increase in the differential rate of exoprotein formation there was a fourfold increase in the intracellular concentration of RNA precursor material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Extracellular Protein Secretion by Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46) and their Relationship to the Regulation of -Toxin Formation

Abbas-Ali¹,

Coleman²

1977

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…The results presented give no information about the kinetics of bacterial multiplication during the infection, but a difference in susceptibility to bactericidal mechanisms would be expected to affect the rate of release of toxin. Kapral Keogh and Taubler (1965) showed that, when staphylococci were grown in dialysis sacs in the peritoneal cavity of mice, the growth of a large inoculum resulted in the rapid formation of large amounts of toxin but that multiplication of a smaller inoculum resulted in a gradual formation of toxin. In my experiments, strain BB multiplied rapidly with elaboration of toxin so that four of 12 mice were dead within 24 hours, large numbers of bacteria were recovered, and toxin was detected in the mammary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Staphylococcal Mastitis in the Mouse: Effects of Extracellular Products and Whole Bacterial Cells from A High-Virulence and a Low-Virulence Strain of Staphylococcus Aureus

Anderson

1974

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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THE technique of inoculation of staphylococci into the mammary gland of the mouse (Chandler, 1970) has been used to demonstrate that strains of Staphy Zococcus aureus differ in their virulence as assessed by the clinical response, the number of bacteria recovered from the infected glands and the histopathological lesions induced (Anderson, 197 1, 1972). The inoculation of cell-free staphylococcal " toxin " i.e., total extracellular products into the mammary gland of the mouse causes death, and the inoculation of diluted " toxin " produces a coagulative necrosis consistent with the action of a-toxin (Anderson and Mason, 1974).In the present study a comparison was made of the effect of cell-free toxic preparations and live staphylococci derived from two strains. One strain was known to be of high virulence and the other of low virulence in the mammary gland of mice and cattle (Anderson, 1971 ; Reiter et al., 1971). MATERIALS AND METHODSMice. Lactating mice of the BSVS strain were used between the 3rd and 6th day after parturition; the offspring were removed from their mother 1 hour before the inoculations were given.Both strains, originally isolated from clinical cases of mastitis in cattle, were coagulase positive and produced a-and p-haemolysins on 5% (v/v) ox-blood agar. Strain BB is more virulent than strain Mexi in cattle (Reiter et al., 1971), and these strains (named C2 and 22 respectively) exhibited similar relative virulence in mice (Anderson, 1971).Biochemical tests. Gelatinase activity of each strain was determined in stab cultures in nutrient gelatin (12% w/v gelatin, Oxoid Ltd, Code CM135a) incubated at 37°C for 7 days.Cultures were cooled to 4°C for 30 min. each day and examined for liquefaction.Each strain was inoculated into litmus milk (Cruikshank, Duguid and Swain,1965, p. 817), incubated at 37"C, and examined at daily intervals for 7 days for acid coagulation, dye reduction and peptonisation. Strain BB liquefied gelatin and in litmus milk produced an acid clot with dye reduction but no peptonisation. Strain Mexi failed to liquefy gelatin and produced no reaction in litmus milk. Freeze-dried cultures of the staphylococci were reconstituted by overnight incubation in Hartley's broth (Cruikshank, Duguid and Swain, Staphylococci. Strains BB and Mexi of staphylococcus were used.Production and assay of " toxin".

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“…S. aureus is a Gram-positive cocci that can be found in the skin flora of healthy humans (Hartmann, 1978). The bacteria can also cause numerous infections due to its ability produce virulence factors and toxins (Freer & Arbuthnott, 1982;Jakubicz, 1972;Kapral et al, 1965;Parker, 1924). S. aureus has been associated with a range of infections from mild acne to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia and septicemia (Corner, 1940;Noble, 1998;Olansky & McCormick, 1958;Schneck, 1957).…”

Section: Spr Immunosensors Have Been Used To Identifymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Faceted Diagnostic Approach to Lung Infections in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Doud¹

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The Nature of Alpha Toxin Production by Staphylococcus aureus Grown in vivo.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Characteristics of Extracellular Protein Secretion by Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46) and their Relationship to the Regulation of -Toxin Formation

The Characteristics of Extracellular Protein Secretion by Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46) and their Relationship to the Regulation of -Toxin Formation

Experimental Staphylococcal Mastitis in the Mouse: Effects of Extracellular Products and Whole Bacterial Cells from A High-Virulence and a Low-Virulence Strain of Staphylococcus Aureus

A Multi-Faceted Diagnostic Approach to Lung Infections in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

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