Experimental Staphylococcal Mastitis in the Mouse: Effects of Extracellular Products and Whole Bacterial Cells from A High-Virulence and a Low-Virulence Strain of Staphylococcus Aureus

Anderson, James C.

doi:10.1099/00222615-7-2-205

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is notable that strains SM9 and SMlO were of similar virulence not only in terms of lethal effect but also in the numbers of surviving mice that developed lesions, although these lesions were of the two different types described (abscess-type and necrotic-type, respectively). Strains SM 14 and SM 15 showed high mouse virulence, in agreement with previous reports of /?-toxinogenic strains (Anderson, 1971(Anderson, , 1974Chesbro, Taylor and Smith, 1972). ?…”

Section: Virulence Of the Strains For 3-day Io-day And 21-day-old Micesupporting

confidence: 80%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age-Related Susceptibility of Mice to Staphylococcal Infection

McKay

Arbuthnott

1979

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A major drawback to research into the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infection is the difficulty of reproducing, in experimental animals, the most common staphylococcal infection, pyogenic infection of the skin and underlying tissues. Experimental skin infections can be induced by injecting staphylococci along with plugs of cotton dust (Noble, 1965) and this procedure has proved useful and has been used in several studies (Agarwal, 1967a, b, c;Hill, 1968; Easmon and Glynn, 1975a, b). Newborn mice have also been used in studies of the mechanism of pathogenesis of the staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome (SSSS) an extensive skin disease of children, caused mainly by Staphylococcus auras strains of phage group I1 (Melish and Glasgow, 1970;Arbuthnott et al., 1971).Many of the more serious staphylococcal infections of man occur in infants and children and, in view of the value of the newborn-mouse model in studies of SSSS, we decided to study age-related susceptibility to staphylococcal infection in the mouse. This paper describes a comparison of the virulence of six strains of staphylococci of varying toxin and enzyme patterns in different age groups of mice from newborn to weanling. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacteria. The strains used were four fresh clinical isolates (SM6, SM9, SMlO and SM14), two reference strains (SMl and SM15) and strain PS80 of known mouse virulence, For convenience the strains were given laboratory numbers as indicated. The source and description of each strain are given in tableI.Culture and maintenance. Standardised suspensions containing approximately 2 x 1010 staphylococci per ml in Peptone Water (Oxoid) were prepared from 18-h cultures grown at 37°C in Nutrient Broth (Oxoid) and washed twice with peptone water at 4°C (17 000 9 for 10 min.). Viable counts of these suspensions were made by the technique described by Postgate (1 969). The suspensions were dispensed aseptically in 2-ml heat-sealable ampoules (Flow Laboratories, Ayrshire), and then sealed and immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) in a ' Vivostat ' refrigerator (BOC Cryoproducts Ltd, Glasgow). Thirty ampoules of each strain were prepared and frozen. The viability of suspensions stored in this way at -196°C decreased by 30% in the fist week of storage but thereafter remained stable. One ampoule was thawed and diluted as required for each experiment. The use of suspensions maintained at -196°C ensured that a standard challenge dose was used in each experiment.Haemolysin production. The six strains were grown on semi-solid nutrient agar at 37°C in an atmosphere of 20% C02 (v/v) for 48 h (Lominski and Arbuthnott, 1962). Crude culture

show abstract

Section: Virulence Of the Strains For 3-day Io-day And 21-day-old Micesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Tissue necrosis has been shown to be associated with toxins (a and 6) locally in skin and in deeper tissues (Foster, 1967;Anderson, 1974;Takeuchi and Suto, 1970;van der Vijver et al, 1975). Our findings support this evidence because strain SMlO is a potent or-toxin producer in vitro while strain SM9 is not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Susceptibility of Mice to Staphylococcal Infection

McKay

Arbuthnott

1979

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is in contrast to experimental staphylococcal mastitis in the mouse in which a neutrophil response occurred within 6 h of inoculation (Anderson and Chandler, 1975). Thereafter, the histopathological changes induced by ureaplasmas, namely vacuolative epithelial hyperplasia and involution, were similar to those induced by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus of low virulence (Anderson, 1974) though slower in development. However, staphylococcal and ureaplasmal mastitis differed in that inoculation with ureaplasmas did not result in abscess formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Production of Mastitis in Mice With Human and Bovine Ureaplasmas (T-Mycoplasmas)

Howard

Anderson

Gourlay

et al. 1975

Journal of Medical Microbiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

D. TAYLOR-ROBINSON?PLATE XLV UREAPLASMAS (T-mycoplasmas) (Shepard et al., 1974) of bovine origin cause experimental mastitis in cows (Gourlay, Howard and Brownlie, 1972;Howard, Gourlay and Brownlie, 1973). In contrast, none of six ureaplasma strains of human origin was capable of producing mastitis in cattle although two of these strains produced mastitis in goats . Cattle and goats, however, are not readily obtainable for experimental work and the use of small laboratory animals would greatly facilitate studies on ureaplasma pathogenesis and immunology. Mastitis has been produced in mice by intramammary inoculation of bacteria obtained from clinical cases of bovine mastitis (Chandler, 1970), and the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether it was possible to produce mastitis in mice with human and bovine ureaplasmas. MATERIALS AND METHODSUreaplasma strains. Strains derived from the human genital tract, namely nos. CD408, M126/68 and CD573, have been described previously . Strain CD591 (Johnson) was isolated from the human oropharynx (Taylor-Robinson and Purcell, 1966) and strain T960 is the type strain of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Shepard et al., 1974). Strains A417, Vic9, Bu2 and BlOl were isolated from cattle (Howard et al., 1973). Ureaplasmas were grown at 37°C in either U3 broth and the corresponding solid medium (Howard et al., 1975) or a PPLO medium described by Taylor-Robinson, Addey and Goodwin (1969). Agarcontaining medium was incubated in an atmosphere of 5 % COZ in N2.Assessment of viable ureaplasmas. This was done by determining d o u r change units (c.c.u.) (Taylor-Robinson and Purcell, 1966;Gourlay et al., 1972), or by determining colonyforming units (c.f.u.).Mouse inocula. These were prepared either by centrifuging " overnight " broth cultures at lo00 g for 20 min. and resuspending the deposits in 0 . 1 5~ phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2, or by thawing from -70°C broth cultures containing a known number of c.f.u. and diluting them in PBS just before use to give the required number of organisms.Mice. BSVS mice bred at Compton were used, unless otherwise stated. Mice of C3H, CBA and TO strains were bred at the Clinical Research Centre.Infection and examination of mice. The technique used to inoculate mice by the intramammary route has been described previously (Chandler, 1970); the fourth gland from the front on each side (R4 and L4) was used and the volume of the inoculum was 0.0541 ml.

show abstract

“…Finally, Guhad et al (63,64) determined two virulence factors using mutant strains in the mycotic mouse mastitis model. Importantly, not only mutant pathogen strains are employed to study the relevance of bacterial proteins in the pathogenesis of intramammary infections, also single proteins can be inoculated (2,23,37). As an example, Calvinho et al (37) reported the injection of partially purified 0-toxin.…”

Section: Study Of the Pathogenesis Of Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Veterinary Quarterly 2006; 28(1): [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Mouse models to study the pathogenesis and control of bovine mastitis. A review…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%