Process systems engineering (PSE), after being proposed by Sargent and contemporary researchers, has been fast developing in various domains and research communities around the world in the last couple of decades, with energy systems engineering featuring a typical yet still fast propagating domain, and the Chinese PSE community featuring a typical community with its own unique challenges for applying PSE theory and methods. In this paper, development of energy systems engineering and process systems engineering in China is discussed, and Sargent's impacts on these two fields are the main focus. Pioneering work conducted by Sargent is firstly discussed. Then, a venation on how his work and thoughts have motivated later researchers and led to progressive advances is reviewed and analyzed. It shows that Sargent's idea of optimum design and his work on nonlinear programming and superstructure modelling have resulted in well-known methods that are widely adopted in energy systems engineering and PSE applications in tackling problems in China. Following Sargent's pioneering ideas and conceptual design of the PSE mansion, future development directions of energy systems engineering are also discussed.Processes 2019, 7, 350 2 of 22 and applications in solving local challenging problems of China, inspired by Sargent's work, are then summarized. Last, future directions of energy systems engineering are proposed, following the PSE framework set up by Sargent, and based on characteristics of energy systems which are unique from a generic process system.
Contributions of Professor SargentOver his research career, Professor Sargent made tremendous contributions to the field of PSE. His work can be found in almost every discipline, including system decomposition, optimal design, process control, solution of nonlinear algebraic equations (NAE), differential algebraic equations (DAE), and others. In addition, it is more creditable that Professor Sargent does not only make great achievements in his own research, but also acts as a leader of PSE researchers, providing guiding light for the development of the whole field. In 1967, he published an inspiring and insightful article, pointing out possible directions for future research [4]. The most important one in this article might be the idea of integrated design, i.e., combining design and optimization instead of regarding them as two separate tasks. Sargent also pointed out the need for future work in better understanding of physical mechanisms of chemical process, in development of model simplification techniques, and in exploration of dynamic behaviour. In 1971, he presented another review article as a supplement of the former one [4], in which he pointed out that much work remained to be done in the solution of large-scale NAEs, stochastic optimal control, nonlinear filtering, and the automatic determination of model structure [5]. Those research directions he had mentioned have almost all become research frontends in the next few decades. With such significant contributions, P...