The Natural History of Atherosclerosis

Vastesaeger, M; Delcourt, R

doi:10.1161/01.cir.26.5.841

Cited by 57 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fibrinolytic activity is present in the central layers (media and intima) of veins, thus confirming observations on human material 21 ' 23 and in dog. 28 The results also confirm previous observations on differences in the patterns of arteries and veins. Data on the pulmonary artery and vein show marked differences in distribution of fibrinolytic activity (low in intima of pulmonary artery but high in pulmonary vein).…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Thromboplastic and Fibrinolytic Activities in Vessels of Animals

Astrup

Buluk

1963

Circulation Research

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Thromboplastic activity and concentration of plasminogen activator were assayed in the coats of arteries and veins from a number of species. The widely differing patterns found in these species suggest great variation in the tendency to deposit fibrin on the interior surface of the vessels. Several modes of regulating fibrin deposition after intimal injury exist in the animal organism. These observations may assist the evaluation of data obtained in experiments on animals, and they demonstrate certain limitations with respect to conclusions on pathology in man.

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Thromboplastic and Fibrinolytic Activities in Vessels of Animals

Astrup

Buluk

1963

Circulation Research

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“…More recently, Vastesaeger & Delcourt (1962) recorded that the coronary arteries of a large Anaconda (Eimectes inurinus) showed fragmentation of the internal elastica and slight fibrous thickening of the intima; and a Nile crocodile (Crocodilus niloticus) also showed focal intimal thickening with rupture of the internal elastic membrane of a main coronary trunk. In the latter case, the presence of vacuolated histiocytes in the lesions suggested, to the authors, a diagnosis of atherosclerosis although, in a subsequent report, Vastesaeger, Vercruysse & Delcourt (1963) made no mention of the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis in 38 reptiles examined.…”

Section: Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous arterial disease in exotic animals

Finlayson

1965

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London

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An account is given of the pathology and incidence of spontaneous arterial disease occurring in a series of about 2000 vertebrates, the majority of which died in captivity from natural causes. The personal observations are integrated with a fairly detailed review of the literature. Vascular lesions have been described in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Particular attention is given in this paper to the comparative pathology of degenerative arterial disease and, more especially, atherosclerosis. Minor degrees of lipid infiltration of the arterial wall are seen commonly in many avian and mammalian orders, but more advanced atheromatous plaques occur frequently only in some avian orders and man. Atheroma has been observed occasionally in sub‐human primates and ungulates. Focal degeneration and calcification of the arterial media constitute the major arterial lesion in ungulates and marsupials; parasitic arteritides are seen principally in carnivores, equines and, possibly, reptiles. Arterial thrombosis in animals is usually secondary to local physical injury or infection; occlusive atherothrombosis is extremely rare in all animals. A hypothesis is presented on the histogenesis of atherosclerosis as it occurs in animals. It is concluded that the condition is a multifactorial disease. The role of dietary and other factors which may play a part in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is discussed. Age is the only factor shown to be fairly directly related to atherosclerosis, but the almost complete absence of lesions in some comparatively old animals emphasizes that atheroma is not an inevitable accompaniment of senescence. The morphological pattern of arterial disease would appear to be similar in free‐living and captive animals; and though increasing age and the conditions of captivity may potentiate lesions, it would seem likely that the primary causes of arterial disease are operative in natural, quasi‐natural or captive environments.

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“…In 1962 Vastesaeger and Delcourt observed the presence of lipid-rich atherosclerosis-like lesions in the aorta of a tuna( Thunnus thynnus )4. More recently, Seierstad et al demonstrated similar lesions in coronary arteries of farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Lipid Accumulation, Lipoprotein Oxidation, and Macrophage Lipid Uptake in Hypercholesterolemic Zebrafish

Stoletov

Fang

Choi

et al. 2009

Circulation Research

226

269

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Abstract-Lipid accumulation in arteries induces vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, the major cause of heart attack and stroke in humans. Extreme hyperlipidemia induced in mice and rabbits enables modeling many aspects of human atherosclerosis, but microscopic examination of plaques is possible only postmortem. Here we report that feeding adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) resulted in hypercholesterolemia, remarkable lipoprotein oxidation, and fatty streak formation in the arteries. Feeding an HCD supplemented with a fluorescent cholesteryl ester to optically transparent fli1:EGFP zebrafish larvae in which endothelial cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP), and using confocal microscopy enabled monitoring vascular lipid accumulation and the endothelial cell layer disorganization and thickening in a live animal. The HCD feeding also increased leakage of a fluorescent dextran from the blood vessels. Administering ezetimibe significantly diminished the HCD-induced endothelial cell layer thickening and improved its barrier function. Feeding HCD to lyz:DsRed2 larvae in which macrophages and granulocytes express DsRed resulted in the accumulation of fluorescent myeloid cells in the vascular wall. Using a fluorogenic substrate for phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), we observed an increased vascular PLA 2 activity in live HCD-fed larvae compared to control larvae. Furthermore, by transplanting genetically modified murine cells into HCD-fed larvae, we demonstrated that toll-like receptor-4 was required for efficient in vivo lipid uptake by macrophages. These results suggest that the novel zebrafish model is suitable for studying temporal characteristics of certain inflammatory processes of early atherogenesis and the in vivo function of vascular cells.

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The Natural History of Atherosclerosis

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Thromboplastic and Fibrinolytic Activities in Vessels of Animals

Thromboplastic and Fibrinolytic Activities in Vessels of Animals

Spontaneous arterial disease in exotic animals

Vascular Lipid Accumulation, Lipoprotein Oxidation, and Macrophage Lipid Uptake in Hypercholesterolemic Zebrafish

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