The natural flavonoid galangin ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium–induced ulcerative colitis in mice: Effect on Toll‐like receptor 4, inflammation and oxidative stress

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of galangin, a promising active principle of honeybee propolis, in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)–induced colitis in mice. We explored the possible underlying mechanisms for galangin action and the therapeutic benefit of adding galangin to the standard therapy sulphasalazine. A galangin dose of 40 mg/kg was selected based on a preliminary dose‐selection study for investigation in a 4‐week cyclical model of DSS‐induced colitis. Mice received 3% DSS in their drinking water during the first and third weeks and were administered the treatments (40 mg/kg galangin, 100 mg/kg sulphasalazine and a combination of 20 mg/kg galangin and 50 mg/kg sulphasalazine) daily starting from the second week. Galangin significantly ameliorated DSS‐induced histopathological alterations and tissue injury, down‐regulated Toll‐like receptor 4 expression, suppressed NF‐κB p65 activation, lowered inflammatory cytokine levels and demonstrated antioxidant effects. The combination of galangin and sulphasalazine at half doses yielded comparable results to either drug alone at full dose. This study highlights galangin as a promising therapy for colitis management.

Protective effect ofMorus macrouraMiq. fruit extract against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: Involvement of miRNA-223 and TNFα/NFκB/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway

“…Similar results were previously reported where the anti-inflammatory effect of sanguinarine protected the colon against AA-induced UC in rats through inhibition of TNFα and consequent inhibition of p-NFκB p65 (Niu et al, 2013). Another study provided evidence for the promising therapeutic effect of galangin in cyclical DSS‐induced colitis through the attenuation of p-NFκB p65 activation and lowering the levels of TNFα (Gerges et al, 2020). Furthermore, a recent review summarized the Chinese medicines used in the treatment of UC and provided numerous evidences on the role of the attenuation of TNFα and p-NFκB p65 in UC treatment (Lu and Zhao, 2020).…”

Kuijieyuan Decoction Improved Intestinal Barrier Injury of Ulcerative Colitis by Affecting TLR4-Dependent PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Oxidative and Inflammatory Signaling and Gut Microbiota

“…Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are the main pathogenic factors associated with UC. Therefore, the improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities has become the research hotspot in the prevention of UC progression ( Wang et al., 2019 ; Gerges et al., 2020 ; Jeon et al., 2020 ). Baicalin is one of the dominant ingredients of KD and has a specific antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function on UC by inhibiting the changes in p-IKBα/IKBα content ( Shen et al., 2019 ).…”

Anti‐inflammatory activity of ginger modulates macrophage activation against the inflammatory pathway of monosodium glutamate

“…(2019) indicated that ginger is capable of protecting the liver from oxidative stress, and inflammatory, and biochemical symptoms. Enrichment of tissues in anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals that neutralize the high production of free radicals and enhance the histological architecture of tissues may explain the high protective potential of ginger (Bakr et al., 2019; Gerges et al., 2020).…”

“…It belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, and is a free radical scavenger. Ginger has analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties (Gerges et al., 2020; Henry et al., 2020; Jalali et al., 2020). It also contains bioactive compounds which are used as carminatives and antipyretics for the management of pain, arthritis, and bronchitis in conventional medicine (Anh et al., 2020).…”