The Natural Distribution of Red Pine in New York

Cook, David B.; Smith, Ralph H.; Stone, E. L.

doi:10.2307/1931524

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Further, although it is generally accepted that successful P. resinosa seedling establishment requires exposed mineral soil, as from fire (Cook et al. ; Frissell ), a number of workers (e.g. Van Wagner ; Burns & Honkala ), as well as our own observations, confirm that establishment can occur in moss or thin litter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

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Stand and cohort structures of old‐growthPinus resinosa‐dominated forests of northernMinnesota,USA

Fraver

Palik

2011

J Vegetation Science

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Questions: What is the natural range of variability in stand and age structure of old-growth Pinus resinosa-dominated forests? Does the spatial pattern of tree ages provide insights into past disturbances that structured these forests?Location: Old-growth P. resinosa forests at seven sites in Minnesota, USA. Methods:We applied detailed dendrochronological methods to living and dead material to reconstruct stand and age structures prior to European settlement of the region. We linked dendrochronological data to mapped stem locations to shed light on spatial patterns of past disturbance.Results: Data pooled across sites revealed a mean living tree basal area of 34.8 m 2 ·ha À1 , snag basal area of 6.9 m 2 ·ha À1 and down woody debris (DWD) volume of 100 m 3 ·ha À1 . Living tree diameter distributions varied between sites; however, at all sites, smaller diameter classes were dominated by nonpines, many pre-dating the onset of fire suppression in the 1920s. There were a variety of P. resinosa age structures, including one-cohort, two-cohort (at times with additional sporadic recruitment) and three-cohort stands. For multicohort stands, the spatial pattern of cohorts shows considerable within-stand patchiness. Conclusions:The wide range of stand and age-cohort structures in these oldgrowth P. resinosa stands depicts pre-settlement forests more complex than those of the single-cohort, post-stand-replacing-fire model that has guided regional forest management. Within-stand patchiness of cohort age structures implies disturbances operating at scales smaller than typically associated with this regional forest type. Presence of non-pine 'ingrowth' on all sites might suggest that P. resinosa stands supporting these species lie within the natural range of variability for this community type, representing situations in which surface fires did not occur for extended periods or were spatially patchy at the stand scale. The diversity of reference conditions documented here suggests targets that might guide ecological restoration prescriptions for these ecosystems, with the goal of reintroducing structural and compositional complexity reflecting natural disturbance and stand development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Cook et al. ; Spurr ), with occasional severe fires shaping P. resinosa age structures across large landscapes (Heinselman ). In fact, Buckman et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stand and cohort structures of old‐growthPinus resinosa‐dominated forests of northernMinnesota,USA

Fraver

Palik

2011

J Vegetation Science

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“…Current understanding recognizes that recurring fires were important to maintaining hard pines including their common associates such as northern red oak ( Quercus rubra ; Cook et al. , Cronon , Crow , Mann et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Management of fire-adapted tree species can be informed by their natural process of regeneration, growth, and survival (Gilmore and Palik 2006). Current understanding recognizes that recurring fires were important to maintaining hard pines including their common associates such as northern red oak (Quercus rubra; Cook et al 1952, Cronon 1983, Crow 1988, Mann et al 1994. However, there are few available details about the ecology, stand dynamics, and historical fire regimes of these communities (Keeley and Zedler 1998, Guyette et al 2012, Lafon et al 2017.…”

Section: Implications For Modern Fire In Northeastern Us Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave of fire: an anthropogenic signal in historical fire regimes across central Pennsylvania,USA

et al. 2018

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Increasingly detailed records of long‐term fire regime characteristics are needed to test ecological concepts and inform natural resource management and policymaking. We reconstructed and analyzed twelve 350+ yr‐long fire scar records developed from 2612 tree‐ring dated fire scars on 432 living and dead pine (Pinus pungens, Pinus rigida, Pinus resinosa, Pinus echinata) trees from across central Pennsylvania. We used multiple spatial and time series analysis methods to quantify fire regime characteristics (frequency, seasonality, percentages of trees scarred, extent) and fire–climate–human associations. Prior to the 20th‐century fire suppression, fire regimes at the majority of sites consisted of frequent, low‐to‐moderate severity, dormant season fires. Fires were often regionally synchronous when preceded by significantly dry years. Using documentary archives, we provide the first description of a “wave of fire”—an anthropogenic signal in fire frequency that progressively moved across the region. This “wave of fire” reflects a changing progression of anthropogenic fire regimes from Native American occupation and depopulation, to Euro‐American settlement, to industrialization and declining fire use up to the 20th century era of fire suppression. The wave of fire provides a new perspective on historical and modern fire regime dynamics and identifies socio‐ecological impacts since North American colonization. Because the anthropogenic wave of fire exists at sites across North America, we emphasize the need for a broader determination of its geographic prevalence and variability as such determinations could influence historical ecology interpretations and perspectives on past and future roles of humans in managing ecosystems with fire.

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“…Predominantly a fire species, red pine establishes best on mineral soil. Suitable seedbeds may exist for only a short time (Cook et al 1952), and in many areas, absence of fire may preclude adequate site conditions for natural regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of red pine

Fowler¹

1970

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The authors noted, however, that few of the New York populations appeared to be expanding. Morton and Bedell (11)60) suggested that many stands are edaphic or pyric relics. The current natural range was depicted in detail by Critchfield and Little (1966). The commercial range was outlined by Rudolf (1957). These distributions are combined in figure-2. Rock outcrops, lacustrine clays, and windblown 'Research Scientist, Canada Dep. of Fisheries and Forestry, Frederietou, X.is. 'Associate Professor. Dep. of Forestry. Fniversity of Wisconsin. Madison. Wis.

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The Natural Distribution of Red Pine in New York

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Stand and cohort structures of old‐growthPinus resinosa‐dominated forests of northernMinnesota,USA

Stand and cohort structures of old‐growthPinus resinosa‐dominated forests of northernMinnesota,USA

Wave of fire: an anthropogenic signal in historical fire regimes across central Pennsylvania,USA

Genetics of red pine

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