The natriuretic and hypotensive effects of potassium.

Young, David B.; McCaa, R E; Pan, Ya Jing; Guyton, Arthur C.

doi:10.1161/01.res.38.6.84

Cited by 80 publications

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“…In addition, the increment of potassium in the urine fully accounted for the increase in urine osmolality which was observed. In agreement with numerous previous reports (Berliner, Kennedy & Hilton, 1950;Young, McCaa & Guyton, 1976) a high potassium E. FERNANDEZ-REPOLLET AND OTHERS intake was associated with a significant natriuresis as well as the expected increase in urinary potassium excretion. P.r.c.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of antidiuretic hormone and state of potassium balance on the renin‐angiotensin system in rats with diabetes insipidus.

Fernández-Repollet¹,

Maldonado²,

Opava-Stitzer³

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The influence ofADH and the state ofpotassium balance on the renin-angiotensin system was studied in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI rats).2. Plasma renin concentration in DI rats was higher than in control Long-Evans rats.3. Spontaneous reversal of the hypokalaemia normally found in DI rats did not reduce plasma renin concentration (p.r.c.), suggesting that potassium deficiency does not contribute significantly to the elevation of p.r.c. in DI rats. Similarly, a low potassium diet failed to further increase p.r.c. in DI rats. 4. In contrast, the p.r.c. of DI rats was significantly diminished by a high potassium intake both in the presence and absence of ADH. A highly significant inverse correlation was found between p.r.c. and urinary potassium excretion in both ADH-treated and untreated DI rats on low, normal and high potassium diets.5. Plasma renin concentration was significantly lower in ADH-treated than in untreated DI rats on a high potassium intake, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of ADH and potassium are additive.6. ADH consistently reduced p.r.c. in DI rats independent ofthe state ofpotassium balance.7. ADH and potassium may inhibit renin secretion via different mechanisms of action.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The effects of antidiuretic hormone and state of potassium balance on the renin‐angiotensin system in rats with diabetes insipidus.

Fernández-Repollet¹,

Maldonado²,

Opava-Stitzer³

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Moreover, recent evidence indicates that potassium supplementation produces natriuresis (Young et al, 1976), lowers blood pressure (Cappucio & MacGregor, 1991) and protects against stroke (Khaw & Barrett-Connor, 1986;Tobian, 1988). Increased intake of magnesium may also, in some cases, reduce Author for correspondence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of salt by a novel potassium‐ and magnesium‐enriched salt alternative improves the cardiovascular effects of ramipril

Mervaala

Paakkari

Laakso³

et al. 1994

British J Pharmacology

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1The influence of salt (sodium chloride; NaCl) (an additional 6% in the diet) and that of a novel sodium-reduced, potassium-, magnesium-, and L-lysine-enriched salt alternative on the cardiovascular effects of ramipril was studied in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats in a 6-week study. The intake of sodium chloride was adjusted to the same level by adding the salt alternative at a 1.75 times higher amount than regular salt. 2 Salt produced a marked rise in blood pressure and induced cardiac hypertrophy and significant mortality, while the salt alternative neither increased blood pressure nor caused any mortality and produced less cardiac hypertrophy than salt. 3 Ramipril treatment at a daily dose of 3 mg kg' normalized blood pressure and prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy of rats on control diet. These effects of ramipril were blocked by the addition of salt but were only slightly attenuated by the addition of the salt alternative. The mortality in -the salt group was prevented by ramipril. 4 Responses of mesenteric arterial rings in vitro were examined at the end of the study. Salt, but not the salt alternative, increased vascular contractile responses to noradrenaline. Ramipril treatment improved the arterial relaxation responses to acetylcholine and to sodium nitroprusside. The vascular relaxation enhancing effect of ramipril was blocked by salt but only slightly attenuated by the salt alternative. 5 Ramipril treatment did not significantly increase plasma renin activity in the presence or in the absence of salt supplementation. The salt alternative did not cause hyperkalaemia, either alone or in combination with ramipril treatment. 6 Both salt supplementations, irrespective of ramipril treatment, induced a six to eight fold increase in the urinary excretion of calcium. There was an expected 90 to 140% rise in the urinary excretion of magnesium and 200% rise in the urinary excretion of potassium in the salt alternative group. Salt also produced an approximately 50% increase in magnesuria. 7 Our findings suggest that replacement of salt by the potassium-, magnesium-and L-lysine-enriched salt alternative improves the cardiovascular effects of ramipril. In the present study the beneficial effect was related to the increased intakes of potassium and/or magnesium and L-lysine from the salt alternative because the amount of sodium chloride was the same.

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“…The daily fluid intake and urine volume were measured, and the urinary excretions of sodium and potassium were determined every other day during the study. The PRA was determined by the method of Skinner, 18 and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) by radioimmunoassay. 11 Serum and urinary electrolytes were measured with a flame photometer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of potassium chloride on the blood pressure in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats.

Suzuki¹,

Kondo²,

Saruta³

1981

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Tbe effects of potassium loading on blood pressure (BP) and the renln-angiotensin-aldosterone system were investigated in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Two series of experiments were performed: one was begun just after renal artery constriction, and tbe other, after hypertension had developed. Potassium loading significantly attenuated tbe development of hypertension, and was also able to abate existing renovascular hypertension. In both studies, potassium loading increased fluid intake and urine volume, which were accompanied by increased excretion of sodium and potassium. In spite of the massive diuretic effect, potassium loading significantly attenuated tbe increased plasma renin activity (PRA) induced by renal artery constriction, while it further enhanced the increased plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in twokidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. There was no significant difference in the values of serum sodium and potassium between tbe two groups with or without potassium loading. These results suggest that potassium may attenuate the development of hypertension and reduce the elevated BP by diuresis and natriuresis and by suppression of the PRA in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. "* stated that potassium has antihypertensive properties. The diuretic action of potassium had already been described in 1679, 1 and, indeed, the usefulness of Kempner's rice fruit diet for the therapy of hypertension was demonstrated.' In addition to its wellestablished diuretic effect, this substance has been reported to exert direct vasodilator effects and to attenuate vascular contractions induced by vasoactive substances. "10 Furthermore, Douglas et al." reported that potassium is able to suppress plasma renin activity (PRA) directly.Although potassium has been accredited with these various antihypertensive effects, its precise antihypertensive mechanism still remains uncertain. In the present experiments in rats, we studied the depressor effect of potassium in established two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertension and its preventive effect in the development of this type of hypertension. Materials and MethodsMale Wistar rats, weighing 190 to 210 g, were anesthetized with ether, and the left kidney was exposed through a mid-line incision in the skin of the back; a silver clip, 0.2 mm in width, was placed on the left renal artery. All rats were maintained in humidityand temperature-controlled quarters, each rat being housed in a metabolic cage.Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured by a tail plethysmographic method twice a week. The daily fluid intake and urine volume were measured, and the urinary excretions of sodium and potassium were determined every other day during the study. The PRA was determined by the method of Skinner, 18 and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) by radioimmunoassay.11 Serum and urinary electrolytes were measured with a flame photometer.Fifteen rats were killed by decapitation to obtain control values for PRA, PAC, and serum sodium and ...

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The natriuretic and hypotensive effects of potassium.

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

The effects of antidiuretic hormone and state of potassium balance on the renin‐angiotensin system in rats with diabetes insipidus.

The effects of antidiuretic hormone and state of potassium balance on the renin‐angiotensin system in rats with diabetes insipidus.

Replacement of salt by a novel potassium‐ and magnesium‐enriched salt alternative improves the cardiovascular effects of ramipril

Effect of potassium chloride on the blood pressure in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats.

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