The (n-3) Fatty Acid Dose, Independent of the (n-6) to (n-3) Fatty Acid Ratio, Affects the Plasma Fatty Acid Profile of Normal Dogs

Hall, Jean A.; Picton, Rebecca A.; Skinner, Monica M.; Jewell, Dennis E.; Wander, Rosemary C.

doi:10.1093/jn/136.9.2338

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…In a previous study, authors have reported a similar effect on blood profile of fatty acids in healthy dogs undergoing dietary trials with standard fish and corn oils [56]. Thus, the usage of oils for nutraceutical purposes, by the oral route, will promptly promote the bioavailability of fatty acids to the target tissues via the bloodstream.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Evaluating oxidative stress, serological- and haematological status of dogs suffering from osteoarthritis, after supplementing their diet with fish or corn oil

et al. 2016

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BackgroundOxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of disease, and the antioxidant physiological effect of omega-3 from fish oil may lead to improvement of canine spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIn this prospective randomized, controlled, double-blinded study, we assessed haematological and biochemical parameters in dogs with OA following supplementation with either a concentrated omega-3 deep sea fish oil product or corn oil. Blood samples from 77 client-owned dogs diagnosed as having OA were taken before (baseline) and 16 weeks after having orally ingested 0.2 ml/Kg bodyweight/day of deep sea fish oil or corn oil. Circulating malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), free carnitine (Free-Car), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and serum fatty acids, haemograms and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Differences within and between groups from baseline to end, were analysed using repeated samples T-test or Wilcoxon rank test and independent samples T-test or a Mann-Whitney test.ResultsSupplementation with fish oil resulted in a significant reduction from day 0 to day 112 in MDA (from 3.41 ± 1.34 to 2.43 ± 0.92 μmol/L; P < 0.001) and an elevation in Free-Car (from 18.18 ± 9.78 to 21.19 ± 9.58 μmol/L; P = 0.004) concentrations, whereas dogs receiving corn oil presented a reduction in MDA (from 3.41 ± 1.34 to 2.41 ± 1.01 μmol/L; P = 0.001) and NTBI (from −1.25 ± 2.17 to −2.31 ± 1.64 μmol/L; P = 0.002). Both groups showed increased (albeit not significantly) GSH and 8-OH-dG blood values. Dogs supplemented with fish oil had a significant reduction in the proportions of monocytes (from 3.84 ± 2.50 to 1.77 ± 1.92 %; P = 0.030) and basophils (from 1.47 ± 1.22 to 0.62 ± 0.62 %; P = 0.012), whereas a significant reduction in platelets counts (from 316.13 ± 93.83 to 288.41 ± 101.68 × 109/L; P = 0.029), and an elevation in glucose (from 5.18 ± 0.37 to 5.32 ± 0.47 mmol/L; P = 0.041) and cholesterol (from 7.13 ± 1.62 to 7.73 ± 2.03 mmol/L; P = 0.011) measurements were observed in dogs receiving corn oil.ConclusionsIn canine OA, supplementation with deep sea fish oil improved diverse markers of oxidative status in the dogs studied. As corn oil also contributed to the reduction in certain oxidative markers, albeit to a lesser degree, there was no clear difference between the two oil groups. No clinical, haematological or biochemical evidence of side effects emerged related to supplementation of either oil. Although a shift in blood fatty acid values was apparent due to the type of nutraceutical product given to the dogs, corn oil seems not to be a good placebo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Evaluating oxidative stress, serological- and haematological status of dogs suffering from osteoarthritis, after supplementing their diet with fish or corn oil

et al. 2016

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“…According to Hansen et al (1998) and Hall et al (2006), the plasma concentrations increase significantly after one week of supplementation with omega 3; however, four to six weeks of continued supplementation are needed for this concentration to be maintained in dogs. Consistent dosing of n-3 fatty acids over long periods is also necessary to maintain the total plasma levels of EPA and DHA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate variability indices in the time domain in healthy dogs supplemented with omega n-3

Santos

Araújo

Gonçalves³

et al. 2014

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain was performed by dynamic electrocardiographic monitoring for twenty-four hours (Holter method) in ten male and ten female healthy mixed-breed dogs before and after four weeks of oral supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived from omega n-3 [497 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 780 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)]. Males received an average dose of 34.9 mg DHA/kg and 22.2 mg EPA/kg, whereas females received an average of 27 mg DHA/kg and 43 mg EPA/kg. HRV indices calculated in the time domain were the following: NN, SDNN, SDANN, SDNN index, pNN50, rMSSD and heart rate, taking into account the effects of gender and supplementation. The results showed no significant effects of supplementation or gender on the indices; thus, dietary supplementation with omega PUFAs derived from n-3 over four weeks did not decrease heart rate and did not increase heart rate variability in healthy dogs. Key words: Dog, HRV, PUFAs, holter ResumoA análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) no domínio do tempo, foi realizada por meio da monitorização eletrocardiográfica dinâmica em vinte e quatro horas (Holter), em cães sadios, sem raça definida, sendo dez machos e dez fêmeas, antes e após suplementação oral, por quatro semanas com ácido graxos poliinsaturados de cadeia longa (PUFAS) derivados do ômega n-3 [497 mg ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA) e 780 mg ácido eicosapentanóico (EPA)], resultando em uma dose média de 34,9 mg/kg de EPA e 22,2 mg/kg de DHA em machos e média de 43 mg/kg de EPA e 27 mg/kg em fêmeas. Os índices da VFC calculados no domínio do tempo foram: NN, SDNN, SDANN, SDNN índex, pnn50 e rMSSD e frequência cardíaca, verificando-se o efeito do sexo e da suplementação. Os resultados obtidos não demonstraram efeitos significativos da suplementação ou influência do sexo

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“…Biochemical determinations were performed as previously described (Song and Wander 1991). According to previous methodology (Hall et al 2006), fatty acid concentrations were expressed as g/100 g of total fatty acid. Routine hematologic and biochemical examinations were performed using a COBAS-MIRA biochemistry analyzer (Roche Diagnostic, Nutley, NJ, USA).…”

Section: Biochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive dogs are characterized by low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status

Zanoletti

Emanuele

2007

Vet Res Commun

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Canine aggressive behaviour is one of the most common problems being reported by dog owners. However, the biochemical basis of this phenomenon remains unclear. In humans, alterations in omega-3 plasma polyunsatured fatty acids and elevated omega6/omega-3 ratio have been linked to behavioural alterations, including aggression. Thus far, however, the relationship between plasma polyunsatured fatty acid status and aggression has not been investigated in the dog. In the present study we sought to investigate whether polyunsatured fatty acid status could be altered in plasma of pathologically aggressive Canis familiaris. Eighteen adult male German Shepherd dogs, aged 4.9 +/- 0.9 years, showing no clinical signs but aggression, were investigated. Eighteen healthy male dogs, aged 4.8 +/- 0.7 years, with a negative history of behavioural and neurological disorders served as controls. Baseline fasting plasma polyunsatured fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Compared to normal dogs, aggressive dogs showed lower docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) concentrations and a higher omega6/omega-3 ratio. In addition, they showed reduced cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations compared to their normally behaving counterparts. Altogether, our results suggest that low omega-3 fatty acids may adversely impact behaviour in dogs, resulting in greater propensity to aggression. However, given the cross-sectional design of our study, we cannot claim any causal relationship between the presence of alterations in fatty acid status and canine aggressiveness. Whether omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may be useful to reduce aggressive behaviour in the dog deserves further investigation.

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The (n-3) Fatty Acid Dose, Independent of the (n-6) to (n-3) Fatty Acid Ratio, Affects the Plasma Fatty Acid Profile of Normal Dogs

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluating oxidative stress, serological- and haematological status of dogs suffering from osteoarthritis, after supplementing their diet with fish or corn oil

Evaluating oxidative stress, serological- and haematological status of dogs suffering from osteoarthritis, after supplementing their diet with fish or corn oil

Heart rate variability indices in the time domain in healthy dogs supplemented with omega n-3

Aggressive dogs are characterized by low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid status

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