Evaluating oxidative stress, serological- and haematological status of dogs suffering from osteoarthritis, after supplementing their diet with fish or corn oil

Abstract

BackgroundOxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of disease, and the antioxidant physiological effect of omega-3 from fish oil may lead to improvement of canine spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIn this prospective randomized, controlled, double-blinded study, we assessed haematological and biochemical parameters in dogs with OA following supplementation with either a concentrated omega-3 deep sea fish oil product or corn oil. Blood samples from 77 client-owned dogs diagnosed as having OA were taken before (baseline) and 16 weeks after having orally ingested 0.2 ml/Kg bodyweight/day of deep sea fish oil or corn oil. Circulating malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), free carnitine (Free-Car), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and serum fatty acids, haemograms and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Differences within and between groups from baseline to end, were analysed using repeated samples T-test or Wilcoxon rank test and independent samples T-test or a Mann-Whitney test.ResultsSupplementation with fish oil resulted in a significant reduction from day 0 to day 112 in MDA (from 3.41 ± 1.34 to 2.43 ± 0.92 μmol/L; P < 0.001) and an elevation in Free-Car (from 18.18 ± 9.78 to 21.19 ± 9.58 μmol/L; P = 0.004) concentrations, whereas dogs receiving corn oil presented a reduction in MDA (from 3.41 ± 1.34 to 2.41 ± 1.01 μmol/L; P = 0.001) and NTBI (from −1.25 ± 2.17 to −2.31 ± 1.64 μmol/L; P = 0.002). Both groups showed increased (albeit not significantly) GSH and 8-OH-dG blood values. Dogs supplemented with fish oil had a significant reduction in the proportions of monocytes (from 3.84 ± 2.50 to 1.77 ± 1.92 %; P = 0.030) and basophils (from 1.47 ± 1.22 to 0.62 ± 0.62 %; P = 0.012), whereas a significant reduction in platelets counts (from 316.13 ± 93.83 to 288.41 ± 101.68 × 109/L; P = 0.029), and an elevation in glucose (from 5.18 ± 0.37 to 5.32 ± 0.47 mmol/L; P = 0.041) and cholesterol (from 7.13 ± 1.62 to 7.73 ± 2.03 mmol/L; P = 0.011) measurements were observed in dogs receiving corn oil.ConclusionsIn canine OA, supplementation with deep sea fish oil improved diverse markers of oxidative status in the dogs studied. As corn oil also contributed to the reduction in certain oxidative markers, albeit to a lesser degree, there was no clear difference between the two oil groups. No clinical, haematological or biochemical evidence of side effects emerged related to supplementation of either oil. Although a shift in blood fatty acid values was apparent due to the type of nutraceutical product given to the dogs, corn oil seems not to be a good placebo.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids influence inflammatory markers in a cellular model for canine osteoarthritis

“…Recent in vivo studies have shown that treating osteoarthritic dogs with n‐6‐rich corn oil led to the attenuation of oxidative stress markers in the blood. The improvement was almost comparable to dogs receiving fish oil (Barrouin‐Melo et al., ). This is the first study to show that not only EPA but also n‐6 fatty acids may be beneficial in inflammatory diseases.…”

“…It is known that chondrocytes have only limited access to nutrients due to the avascular, dense and negatively charged matrix (Villalvilla, Gómez, Largo, & Herrero‐Beaumont, ). However, feeding studies provide evidence that diets rich in n‐3 fatty acids alter the fatty acid composition in canine serum (Barrouin‐Melo et al., ; Hall, Picton, Skinner, Jewell, & Wander, ; Mehler et al., ) and that fatty acids are generally transported to the joints bound to albumin or lipoproteins (Arkill & Winlove, ). To mimic the process of fatty acid transport, we included 5% of FCS in the culture medium.…”

Oily formulations challenge: how to evaluate their beneficial effects in hydrophilic cell-based models?

“…Oxidative stress is a major actor in skin aging process (Rinnerthaler et al, 2015), therefore, the identification of antioxidant properties is of high interest for the development of antiaging cosmetics. To demonstrate the ability of our method to reveal antioxidant effects, we chose two known antioxidant oils: olive and corn oil (Barrouin-Melo et al, 2016;Carnevale et al, 2018). Both were able to decrease the ROS overproduction induced by an oxidant agent.…”

“…The antioxidant positive controls, olive oil and corn oil (Sigma-Aldrich, France), were selected according to the literature (Cheung et al, 2007;Barrouin-Melo et al, 2016;Carnevale et al, 2018).…”

“…To demonstrate the reliability of our method, we selected oily formulations already known for their beneficial effects. Olive oil majority composed of omega-9 fatty acid and corn oil rich in omega-6 and-9 fatty acids were used as antioxidant oils (Cheung et al, 2007;El-Kholy et al, 2014;Barrouin-Melo et al, 2016;Carnevale et al, 2018); fish oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids and corn oil were used as anti-inflammatory oils (Tab. 1) (Maroon and Bost, 2006;Odabasoglu et al, 2008;Mullen et al, 2010;Calder, 2011Calder, , 2015.…”