The mycobiome of the human urinary tract: potential roles for fungi in urology

Ackerman, A. Lenore; Underhill, David

doi:10.21037/atm.2016.12.69

Cited by 75 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…We found that the number of fungal sequence reads were lower than that of bacterial sequence reads, which also agrees with published studies showing that the number of fungal sequences are usually lower than that of bacterial sequences, with only ∼0.1% of detectable sequences in the total gut microbiota attributed to fungi and 99% to bacteria [ 18 , 19 ]. Detection of lower number of fungal reads in a sample has been attributed to the fact that fungal signatures are more sensitive to DNA isolation method than bacterial signature [ 20 ] and limitations of the fungal sequencing databases used for identity assignments [ 21 , 22 ]. However, in spite of these limitations, our analysis provides valuable insight into the potential clinical relevance of the bacteriome/mycobiome in oral tongue cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriome and mycobiome associations in oral tongue cancer

et al. 2017

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Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral (mobile) tongue (OMTC), a non-human papilloma virus-associated oral cancer, is rapidly increasing without clear etiology. Poor oral hygiene has been associated with oral cancers, suggesting that oral bacteriome (bacterial community) and mycobiome (fungal community) could play a role. While the bacteriome is increasingly recognized as an active participant in health, the role of the mycobiome has not been studied in OMTC. Tissue DNA was extracted from 39 paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with OMTC. Microbiome profiling, principal coordinate, and dissimilarity index analyses showed bacterial diversity and richness, and fungal richness, were significantly reduced in tumor tissue (TT) compared to their matched non-tumor tissues (NTT, P<0.006). Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum, which was significantly increased in TT compared to NTT (48% vs. 40%, respectively; P=0.004). Abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were significantly decreased in TT compared to matched NTT (P≤0.003 for both). Abundance of 22 bacterial and 7 fungal genera was significantly different between the TT and NTT, including Streptococcus, which was the most abundant and significantly increased in the tumor group (34% vs. 22%, P<0.001). Abundance of fungal genus Aspergillus in TT correlated negatively with bacteria (Actinomyces, Prevotella, Streptococcus), but positively with Aggregatibacter. Patients with high T-stage disease had lower mean differences between TT and NTT compared with patients with low T-stage disease (0.07 vs. 0.21, P=0.04). Our results demonstrate differences in bacteriome and mycobiome between OMTC and their matched normal oral epithelium, and their association with T-stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriome and mycobiome associations in oral tongue cancer

et al. 2017

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“…This concept is based on the long-held dogma that urine is sterile. Recently, however, researchers have used next-generation sequencing and enhanced culture methods to detect communities of bacteria, fungi, and viruses (microbiota) in catheterized urine collected directly from the female bladder [ 89 – 95 ]. Thus, the “sterile urine” paradigm is no longer valid.…”

Section: Cell Populations In or Associated With The Lutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology

Abelson

Sun

Que³

et al. 2018

Biol Sex Differ

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Females and males differ significantly in gross anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract, and these differences are commonly discussed in the medical and scientific literature. However, less attention is dedicated to investigating the varied development, function, and biology between females and males on a cellular level. Recognizing that cell biology is not uniform, especially in the lower urinary tract of females and males, is crucial for providing context and relevance for diverse fields of biomedical investigation. This review serves to characterize the current understanding of biological sex differences between female and male lower urinary tracts, while identifying areas for future research. First, the differences in overall cell populations are discussed in the detrusor smooth muscle, urothelium, and trigone. Second, the urethra is discussed, including anatomic discussions of the female and male urethra followed by discussions of cellular differences in the urothelial and muscular layers. The pelvic floor is then reviewed, followed by an examination of the sex differences in hormonal regulation, the urinary tract microbiome, and the reticuloendothelial system. Understanding the complex and dynamic development, anatomy, and physiology of the lower urinary tract should be contextualized by the sex differences described in this review.

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“…Targeted analysis of fungi using multi-locus PCR coupled with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry revealed increased fungal DNA during symptomatic flares in patients with IC/BPS [33, 34•]. Fungal community profiling by NGS using the ITS1 region of fungal rRNA, however, revealed that the taxa detected in previous studies are only a small component of the complement of genera present in urinary specimens [35,36].…”

Section: Non-bacterial Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bladder is Not Sterile: an Update on the Urinary Microbiome

Ackerman

Chai

2019

Curr Bladder Dysfunct Rep

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Purpose of Review-The article discusses (1) techniques used to study bacterial urinary microbiota; (2) existence of non-bacterial urinary microbiota; (3) associations between changes in urinary microbiota and various benign lower urinary tract disorders. Recent Findings-Urine harbors a diverse microbial community that resides within it. A multitude of studies have identified differences in these communities associated with urologic conditions, suggesting that microbial communities may maintain normal bladder homeostasis. Technological advances in analytic approaches have improved our understanding of the urinary microbiome. The choice of urine sampling method (voided, catheterized, or aspirated) will significantly influence microbiome findings. Sex and age highly influence urinary microbiota; in addition to rigorous inclusion criteria, microbial studies must be sufficiently powered to overcome the substantial interindividual variability of urinary microbiota. Regardless of these complicating factors, studies have identified microbial patterns correlating with both urologic diagnoses and treatment responses. Summary-Without a clear understanding of the variability of and exogenous influences on the urinary microbiota in the absence of disease, it has been challenging to reveal the microbial patterns responsible for disease pathophysiology. Host mechanisms in response to the urinary microbiome are also poorly understood. Additional research can address whether the manipulation of urinary microbiota will benefit lower urinary tract health.

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The mycobiome of the human urinary tract: potential roles for fungi in urology

Cited by 75 publications

References 85 publications

Bacteriome and mycobiome associations in oral tongue cancer

Bacteriome and mycobiome associations in oral tongue cancer

Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology

The Bladder is Not Sterile: an Update on the Urinary Microbiome

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