Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology

Abelson, Benjamin; Sun, Daniel; Que, Lauren T.; Nebel, Rebecca A.; Baker, Dylan; Popiel, Patrick; Amundsen, Cindy L.; Chai, Toby C.; Close, Clare E.; DiSanto, Michael E.; Fraser, Matthew O.; Kielb, Stephanie; Kuchel, George A.; Mueller, Elizabeth R.; Palmer, Mary H.; Parker-Autry, Candace; Wolfe, Alan J.; Damaser, Margot S.

doi:10.1186/s13293-018-0204-8

Cited by 85 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Age distribution of the patient demographics (Table 1) showed that a majority of samples (69.7%) were obtained from older patients (51 years and older). Our data is in agreement with what is previously known about the etiology of UTI's, wherein females (due to their anatomy and physiology) are more predisposed to contracting an UTI as compared to males [10]. In addition, it has been demonstrated in a number of studies, that UTI instances increase with age [11].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Outpatient Urinary-Tract-Infection-Like Symptoms: Causative Microbial Survey Utilizing Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Methodology

Singh¹,

Wilks²,

Reddy³

et al. 2020

AID

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common maladies afflicting the human population globally. A wide variety of microbial pathogens are responsible for causing UTIs that are often recurrent, especially in the elderly population, resulting in an economic burden of billions of dollars annually. In this study, we present data from a large population of symptomatic UTI patients tested using a multiplexed, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) strategy. Our data demonstrate that instances of UTI increase with age for all the tested pathogens, with the exception of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp., which were found to be significantly higher in the younger population. Furthermore, the use of the qRT-PCR approach was also found to be effective in detecting polymicrobial UTIs. With the limitations of classical microbial culture techniques traditionally used for UTI diagnosis, we demonstrate that a rapid and comprehensive technique like RT-PCR can be an effective tool for detecting and managing UTIs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Outpatient Urinary-Tract-Infection-Like Symptoms: Causative Microbial Survey Utilizing Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Methodology

Singh¹,

Wilks²,

Reddy³

et al. 2020

AID

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“…25 Physiologic factors that increase the probability of UTI are the hormonal factors, reticuloendothelial system and the microbiome of the lower urinary tract (LUT). 26 Mean age of the patient in this study was 57.21 years with most of the patients (47.05%) being in the age group of 18 to 40 years. Although the prevalence of bacteriuria has a higher frequency among the very young and a gradual increase with age, 27 symptomatic infection has the highest frequency among women aged 15-29 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection among adults in central part of Nepal

Sedhain

Sapkota²,

Shrestha³

2019

J Chitwan Med Coll

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is characterized by pathological invasion of the urinary tract by microorganisms. Majorities of organisms causing UTI are gram negative bacteria, most common of which is E. coli. Urine culture and sensitivity test is used to isolate the organism and to identify the susceptible drug of choice for appropriate treatment. This hospital-based study was carried out to analyze the spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms causing UTI. Methods: A retrospective study was done to analyze the results of urine culture and sensitivity test done at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of two and half years. Standard guideline and protocol were used to collect the urine sample and to perform the test. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Result: Out of 12, 925 urine samples submitted for culture and sensitivity test during the study period, bacterial pathogens were isolated from 3, 173 (24.54%) samples, which was significantly higher among females (28%) than the males (17%). The most common organism isolated on the culture was E. coli (68.5%) followed by Klebsiella (18.4%). Sensitivity of the uropathogens was seen highest with colistin (79.2%) followed by teicoplanin (64.58%), Aztreonam (63.25%) and Nitrofurantoin (61.16%). Most common antibiotics that showed resistance to the microorganisms in this study were Ampicillin (60.93%), Cotrimoxazole (53.72%), Cefixime (40.57%) and Levofloxacin (32.93%). Conclusions: This study has found a usual pattern of UTI with higher prevalence among females and E. coli being the most common organism. Nitrofurantoin has been found to have a good susceptibility for the treatment of UTI.

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“…More importantly, the later female dominance may be due to anatomical differences where the proximity of the urethral opening to the vagina may facilitate urethral contamination [58]. In addition, recent evidence suggests that the sex differences in the reticuloendothelial system which provides innate immunity against microbes may also contribute to the sex differences in UTI prevalence rates [59]. Thus, irrespective of nutritional status, female sex remains a risk factor for UTI in childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and risk of urinary tract infection in malnourished children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019

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Background There are vast differences in prevalence rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) reported among malnourished children globally. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide estimates of pooled prevalence of UTI among these children and combined UTI risk in comparison with their well-nourished counterparts. Methods We systematically searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and African Journals Online; date of the last search: 22 December 2018) for studies reporting either the prevalence of UTI in malnourished children or parallel healthy controls. Eligible primary studies were observational studies of children in English Language reporting UTI prevalence with background malnutrition or with enough data to compute these estimates, as well as studies which reported at the same time UTI prevalence in healthy controls. We synthesized published prevalence rates or associations (odds ratios [OR]) between malnutrition and UTI and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects meta-regression and explored potential heterogeneity determinants using meta-regression analysis. This review is registered with PROSPERO, number- CRD42018084765. Results We included 26 cross-sectional and 8 case-control studies reporting on UTI prevalence in malnourished children, and in malnourished children vs. healthy controls, respectively. The pooled prevalence of UTI in 3294 malnourished children was 17% (95% CI, 13, 21%). Heterogeneity was high (I 2 = 87.6%; Tau 2 = 0.06) as studies varied in their sample size, degree of malnutrition, and study period. Multivariate meta-regression model, including these factors, explained 34.6% of the between-study variance. Pooled OR of UTI in association with malnutrition in 2051 children (1052 malnourished children vs. 999 controls) was 2.34 (95% CI, 1.15, 3.34), with lower between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 53.6%; Tau 2 = 0.47). Conclusions UTI is more prevalent in malnourished children than in their well-nourished counterparts. Screening and treatment for UTI should be incorporated in the management protocol of malnourished children to improve disease outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1628-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology

Cited by 85 publications

References 117 publications

Outpatient Urinary-Tract-Infection-Like Symptoms: Causative Microbial Survey Utilizing Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Methodology

Outpatient Urinary-Tract-Infection-Like Symptoms: Causative Microbial Survey Utilizing Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Methodology

Antibiotic sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection among adults in central part of Nepal

The prevalence and risk of urinary tract infection in malnourished children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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