The mutual effect of the crosslinker and biopolymer concentration on the desired hydrogel properties

Kopač, Tilen; Ručigaj, Aleš; Krajnc, Matjaž

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.088

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The release is present when the hydrogel pore size is sufficiently increased due to swelling allowing phage diffusion. Accordingly, one would also expect that due to a high polyHIPE porosity, the release is only a function of hydrogel mesh size and as such is controlled by a Fickian diffusion with a high velocity of phage from the matrix and low velocity of polymeric relaxation, similar to what was already shown for TOCNF hydrogels [ 28 , 30 ]. In contrast, the results presented in Figure 3 indicate zero-order release kinetics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In this case, the effect of ageing of TOCNF to form hydrogel structure was exploited [ 32 ]. To better understand the mechanical properties of TOCNF hydrogels, which play a pivotal role also in the case of bacteriophage delivery, rheological properties were studied in detail in our recent articles [ 28 , 30 ]. The average pore size of TOCNF hydrogels was determined based on oscillatory frequency sweep tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, ionic interactions are mainly involved in the crosslinking process along with hydrogen interactions [ 56 ]. A higher crosslinking density is achieved, which consequently induces smaller pores in the hydrogel [ 28 ]. Therefore, during deprotonation, the repulsive electrostatic interactions make it difficult to move polymer chains that are interconnected by stronger ionic interactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TOCNF is a relatively new material in this field and could play a major role in future research due to its excellent properties, such as mechanical and chemical stability, non-toxicity, renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and easy accessibility [ 27 ]. The best-known hydrogel synthesis is performed by ionic crosslinking with divalent ions, such as calcium(II) ions, which keeps the system non-toxic and suitable for medical and pharmaceutical use [ 27 , 28 ]. The mechanism of hydrogel formation is based on ionic interactions of the carboxyl functional groups present in the TOCNF with pK a 3.9 [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriophage Delivery Systems Based on Composite PolyHIPE/Nanocellulose Hydrogel Particles

et al. 2021

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The role of bacteriophage therapy in medicine has recently regained an important place. Oral phage delivery for gastrointestinal treatment, transport through the stomach, and fast release in the duodenum is one of such applications. In this work, an efficient polyHIPE/hydrogel system for targeted delivery of bacteriophages with rapid release at the target site is presented. T7 bacteriophages were encapsulated in low crosslinked anionic nanocellulose-based hydrogels, which successfully protected phages at pH < 3.9 (stomach) and completely lost the hydrogel network at a pH above 3.9 (duodenum), allowing their release. Hydrogels with entrapped phages were crosslinked within highly porous spherical polyHIPE particles with an average diameter of 24 μm. PolyHIPE scaffold protects the hydrogels from mechanical stimuli during transport, preventing the collapse of the hydrogel structure and the unwanted phage release. On the other hand, small particle size, due to the large surface-to-volume ratio, enables rapid release at the target site. As a consequence, a fast zero-order release was achieved, providing improved patient compliance and reduced frequency of drug administration. The proposed system therefore exhibits significant potential for a targeted drug delivery in medicine and pharmacy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriophage Delivery Systems Based on Composite PolyHIPE/Nanocellulose Hydrogel Particles

et al. 2021

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“…Improving the mechanical properties of the fibrin gel without affecting its biological properties could be a possible approach to maintain the auricle anatomy during in vivo implantation. 34 However, future research with novel approaches to fibrin gel fabrication is needed to support this hypothesis. In this study, we implanted the artificial auricle fabricated by using porcine fibrin and rabbit chondrocytes in nude mice to avoid the possible host immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues laden fibrin gel auricular scaffold for microtia reconstruction

et al. 2020

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Fibrin gel-based scaffolds have promising potential for microtia reconstruction. Autologous chondrocytes and chondrocyte cell sheets are frequently used seed cell sources for cartilage tissue engineering. However, the aesthetic outcome of chondrocyte-based microtia reconstruction is still not satisfactory. In this study, we aimed to fabricate the chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues laden fibrin gel auricular scaffold for microtia reconstruction. We designed a unique auricular mold that could fabricate a fibrin gel scaffold resembling human auricle anatomy. Primary chondrocytes were harvested from rabbit auricular cartilage, and chondrocyte cell sheets were developed. Chondrocyte-microtissues were prepared from the cell sheets. The mixture of chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues was laden in fibrin gel during the auricular scaffold fabrication. The protrusions and recessed structure in the auricular scaffold surface were still clearly distinguishable. After a one-week in vitro culture, the 3 D structure and auricular anatomy of the scaffold were retained. And followed by eight-week subcutaneous implantation, cartilaginous tissue was regenerated in the artificial auricular structure as indicated by the results of H&E, Toluidine blue, Safranin O, and type II collagen (immunohistochemistry) staining. Protrusions and depressions of the auricular scaffold were slightly deformed, but the overall auricular anatomy was maintained after 8-week in vivo implantation. Extracellular matrix components content were similar in artificial auricular cartilage and rabbit native auricular cartilage. In conclusion, the mixture of chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues laden fibrin gel auricular scaffold showed a promising potential for cartilaginous tissue regeneration, suggesting this as an effective approach for autologous chondrocyte-based microtia reconstruction.

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Design Parameters for Injectable Biopolymeric Hydrogels with Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Crosslinks

Narciso

Gilchrist

Trigo

et al. 2023

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) crosslinks can form hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties permissive to injectability and self‐healing. However, not all hydrogels with transient crosslinks are easily extrudable. For this reason, two additional design parameters must be considered when formulating DCC‐crosslinked hydrogels: 1) degree of functionalization (DoF) and 2) polymer molecular weight (MW). To investigate these parameters, hydrogels comprised of two recombinant biopolymers: 1) a hyaluronic acid (HA) modified with benzaldehyde and 2) an elastin‐like protein (ELP) modified with hydrazine (ELP‐HYD), are formulated. Several hydrogel families are synthesized with distinct HA MW and DoF while keeping the ELP‐HYD component constant. The resulting hydrogels have a range of stiffnesses, G′ ≈ 10–1000 Pa, and extrudability, which is attributed to the combined effects of DCC crosslinks and polymer entanglements. In general, lower MW formulations require lower forces for injectability, regardless of stiffness. Higher DoF formulations exhibit more rapid self‐healing. Gel extrusion through a cannula (2 m length, 0.25 mm diameter) demonstrates the potential for minimally invasive delivery for future biomedical applications. In summary, this work highlights additional parameters that influence the injectability and network formation of DCC‐crosslinked hydrogels and aims to guide future design of injectable hydrogels.

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The mutual effect of the crosslinker and biopolymer concentration on the desired hydrogel properties

Cited by 44 publications

References 45 publications

Bacteriophage Delivery Systems Based on Composite PolyHIPE/Nanocellulose Hydrogel Particles

Bacteriophage Delivery Systems Based on Composite PolyHIPE/Nanocellulose Hydrogel Particles

Fabrication of chondrocytes/chondrocyte-microtissues laden fibrin gel auricular scaffold for microtia reconstruction

Design Parameters for Injectable Biopolymeric Hydrogels with Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Crosslinks

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