The mRNA and RNA-copy pseudogenes encoding TM30<sub>nm</sub>, a human cytoskdetal tropomyosin

MacLeod, Alexander R.; Houlker, C.; Reinach, Fernando C.; Talbot, Kathleen

doi:10.1093/nar/14.21.8413

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Likewise, localization of ADAR1 and TPM3 on these fragments refined their cytogenetic assignment to the chromosomal region 1q21.1-q21.2, and not 1q22-q23 (Weier et al 1995;Wilton et al 1995). In contrast to ADAR1, the TPM3 probe hybridized with multiple genomic restriction fragments, indicating the presence of several related sequences within the human genome, in line with previous studies (MacLeod et al 1986). A similar result was obtained by the LAMRL6 probe due to pseudogenes on chromosomes 3, 12, 14, and X (Bignon et al 1991;Richardson et al 1998), and the functional laminin receptor gene (LAMR1) on chromosome 3p21.3 (Jackers et al 1996).…”

Section: Restriction Mapping Of the Newly Identified Edc Locisupporting

confidence: 88%

Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Marenholz¹,

Zirra²,

Fischer³

et al. 2001

Genome Res.

104

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The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) comprises a large number of genes that are of crucial importance for the maturation of the human epidermis. So far, 27 genes of 3 related families encoding structural as well as regulatory proteins have been mapped within a 2-Mb region on chromosome 1q21. Here we report on the identification of 10 additional EDC genes by a powerful subtractive hybridization method using entire YACs (950 e 2 and 986 e 10) to screen a gridded human keratinocyte cDNA library. Localization of the detected cDNA clones has been established on a long-range restriction map covering more than 5 Mb of this genomic region. The genes encode cytoskeletal tropomyosin TM30nm (TPM3), HS1-binding protein Hax-1 (HAX1), RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR1), the 34/67-kD laminin receptor (LAMRL6), and the 26S proteasome subunit p31 (PSMD8L), as well as five hitherto uncharacterized proteins (NICE-1, NICE-2, NICE-3, NICE-4, and NICE-5). The nucleotide sequences and putative ORFs of the EDC genes identified here revealed no homology with any of the established EDC gene families. Whereas database searches revealed that NICE-3, NICE-4, and NICE-5 were expressed in many tissues, no EST or gene-specific sequence was found for NICE-2. Expression of NICE-1 was up-regulated in differentiated keratinocytes, pointing to its relevance for the terminal differentiation of the epidermis. The newly identified EDC genes are likely to provide further insights into epidermal differentiation and they are potential candidates to be involved in skin diseases and carcinogenesis that are associated with this region of chromosome 1. Moreover, the extended integrated map of the EDC, including the polymorphic sequence tag site (STS) markers D1S1664, D1S2346, and D1S305, will serve as a valuable tool for linkage analyses.

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Section: Restriction Mapping Of the Newly Identified Edc Locisupporting

confidence: 88%

Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Marenholz¹,

Zirra²,

Fischer³

et al. 2001

Genome Res.

104

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“…1). This protein sequence, designated skoaTM.1, is 284 amino acids long and very closely related to the 285-aminoacid a-tropomyosin sequence derived from the 1.3ATM clone from human skeletal muscle, which we have described previously (18,29). We now designate the latter sequence skaTM.2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…expressed from the same structural gene by alternative Cloning and sequencing of human fibroblast mRNA. A mRNA splicing (18). We therefore infer that the 2.0-kb library of human fibroblast mRNA was screened with a mRNA in fibroblasts and the 1. longest cDNA clone obtained in this screen was approximately 1 kb in length and was subjected to DNA sequence analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are also multiple nonoverlapping structural genes encoding tropomyosins in a given organism. In particular, we have now identified three human genes, each of which encodes at least two different isoforms of tropomyosin (17)(18)(19)(20). One of these genes encodes a 285-amino-acid oatropomyosin in skeletal muscle tissue and a 248-amino-acid nonmuscle tropomyosin in cultured fibroblasts (18,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we have now identified three human genes, each of which encodes at least two different isoforms of tropomyosin (17)(18)(19)(20). One of these genes encodes a 285-amino-acid oatropomyosin in skeletal muscle tissue and a 248-amino-acid nonmuscle tropomyosin in cultured fibroblasts (18,29). In this paper, we identify a fourth human tropomyosin gene, the hTMa structural gene, which encodes a skeletal muscle a-tropomyosin closely related in structure to the a-tropomyosin encoded by the hTMnm structural gene.…”

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Human hTM alpha gene: expression in muscle and nonmuscle tissue.

MacLeod¹,

Gooding²

1988

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We have isolated a cDNA clone from a human skeletal muscle library which contains the complete protein-coding sequence of a skeletal muscle a-tropomyosin. This cDNA sequence defines a fourth human tropomyosin gene, the hTMa gene, which is distinct from the hTMnm gene encoding a closely related isoform of skeletal muscle a-tropomyosin. In cultured human fibroblasts, the hTMa gene encodes both skeletal-muscleand smooth-muscle-type a-tropomyosins by using an alternative mRNA-splicing mechanism.

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Low molecular weight rat fibroblast tropomyosin 5 (TM-5): cDNA cloning, actin-binding, localization, and coiled-coil interactions

Temm‐Grove

Guo

Helfman

1996

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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Previous studies have shown that three distinct genes encode six isoforms of tropomyosin (TM) in rat fibroblasts: the α gene encodes TM‐2, TM‐3, TM‐5a, and TM‐5b, the β gene encodes TM‐1, and the TM‐4 gene encodes TM‐4. Here we report the characterization of a cDNA clone encoding the most recent rat fibroblast TM to be identified, herein referred to as TM‐5, that is the product of a fourth gene that is homologous to the human hTMnm gene, herein referred to as the rat slow‐twitch α TM gene. The cDNA clone is approximately 1.7 kb and encodes a protein of 248 amino acids. Using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, the TM‐5 protein was found to co‐migrate with fibroblast TM‐5a and 5b. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of TM‐5 to other fibroblast isoforms encoded by the α, β, and TM‐4 genes revealed a high degree of homology, although there were regions of divergence among the different isoforms. The gene encoding TM‐5 is expressed in all tissues examined including skeletal muscle, stomach, heart, liver, kidney, uterus, spleen, brain, and diaphragm. However, Northern blot and RNase protection analyses revealed the presence of different mRNAs in fibroblasts, striated muscle (skeletal and diaphragm), and brain, which are expressed via alternative RNA splicing and the use of alternative promoters. The TM‐5 protein was expressed in a bacterial system and tested for its ability to bind actin in vitro and in vivo. The apparent TM association constant (Ka) was taken as the free concentration at half saturation and was found to be 3 μM for TM‐5 compared to 2 μM for TM‐5b at an F‐actin concentration of 42 μM. When fluorescently‐labeled TM‐5 was microinjected into living rat fibroblasts, it localized to the stress fibers and ruffles of the leading lamella. The coiled‐coil interactions of TM‐5 with other low and high molecular weight TM isoforms were studied. TM‐5 and TM‐4 were capable of dimerizing with each other as well as with other low molecular weight isoforms (TM‐5a and TM‐5b), but not with the HMW isoforms (TM‐1, TM‐2, and TM‐3). In addition, TM‐5a and TM‐5b were unable to heterodimerize with each other. The implications of these results in understanding the role of TM diversity in cytoskeletal dynamics are discussed. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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The mRNA and RNA-copy pseudogenes encoding TM30_nm, a human cytoskdetal tropomyosin

Cited by 48 publications

References 31 publications

Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Human hTM alpha gene: expression in muscle and nonmuscle tissue.

Low molecular weight rat fibroblast tropomyosin 5 (TM-5): cDNA cloning, actin-binding, localization, and coiled-coil interactions

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The mRNA and RNA-copy pseudogenes encoding TM30nm, a human cytoskdetal tropomyosin

Cited by 48 publications

References 31 publications

Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Human hTM alpha gene: expression in muscle and nonmuscle tissue.

Low molecular weight rat fibroblast tropomyosin 5 (TM-5): cDNA cloning, actin-binding, localization, and coiled-coil interactions

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The mRNA and RNA-copy pseudogenes encoding TM30_nm, a human cytoskdetal tropomyosin