Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Marenholz, Ingo; Zirra, Maja; Fischer, David F.; Backendorf, Claude; Ziegler, Andreas; Mischke, Dietmar

doi:10.1101/gr.114801

Cited by 104 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…1C, #1, #2). Furthermore, GTAP contains a consensus sequence of a UBC domain in the COOH terminus with a strong similarity to the UBC domain of a newly discovered and putative Ub-conjugating enzyme family called NICE-5 [23]. GTAP also shares sequence similarities with other sequences with unknown functions deduced from several nonmammalian genes, such as the Drosophila melanogaster gene EG:25E8 (GenBank accession no.…”

Section: Murine Gtap Mrna Expression and Homology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The COOH-terminal region (amino acids 313-423) of GTAP is homologous to a 110-amino-acid-long region of a putative and consensus UBC domain in the NICE-5 protein family (GenBank accession no. AJ243666), a member of the UBC4/UBC5 gene family [23]. Some of these E2 enzymes share the consensus UBC domain but have various NH 2 -terminal extensions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a Novel Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme That Regulates β1,4-Galactosyltransferase-1 in Embryonic Stem Cells

Wassler¹,

Shur

Zhou³

et al. 2008

Stem Cells

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In this study we identified a novel galactosyltransferase 1-associating protein (GTAP) by cDNA cloning from a murine embryonic cDNA library using the two-hybrid yeast system. GTAP is expressed in early embryonic tissues, as well as in adult tissues with active cell turnover, and belongs to the class III ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme family. Its COOH-terminal domain contains a consensus sequence for ubiquitin binding shared by all the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, whereas its NH 2 -terminal domain appears critical for the binding and internalization of cell surface galactosyltransferase 1 (GalT1) in embryonic stem cells through a monensin-and MG132-dependent pathway. We have found that GTAP regulates GalT1-associated, laminin-dependent embryonic cell adhesion and the formation of embryoid bodies. Thus, GTAP functions as an evolutionarily conserved E2 enzyme, which may participate in intercellular adhesion and embryonic development. STEM CELLS 2008;

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Section: Murine Gtap Mrna Expression and Homology Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Novel Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme That Regulates β1,4-Galactosyltransferase-1 in Embryonic Stem Cells

Wassler¹,

Shur

Zhou³

et al. 2008

Stem Cells

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show abstract

“…These genes fell into 2 broad but overlapping categories: (1) a group highly enriched in stratified epithelia (ie, skin), many of them mapped to the epidermal differentiation complex, a region that contains many genes vital to epidermal differentiation 17,18 ; and (2) a group of adhesive junction-related genes. Interestingly, many of the identified genes that fell within the first category, such as cytokeratin 13, SPRRs, sciellin, and members of the S-100 calcium binding protein family, are known to be involved in the formation of the cornified cell envelope (CE).…”

Section: Common Features Of Cornified Cell Envelope In Skin and Aortamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 The various tissues used in our initial analysis to select for aorta-enriched genes did not contain stratified epithelia. To rule out the possibility that the significant overlap between the genes expressed in the aorta and skin/stratified epithelia was not merely the result of our analysis strategy, we performed microarray analysis on pooled mouse skin RNA.…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysis Shows Overlap Between Skin and Aortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of Genes in the Aortic Intima That Are Associated With Stratified Epithelium

et al. 2005

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Background-Arteries and veins are exposed to different pressures and are easily distinguished by morphology. Although several recent studies have focused on differential gene expression between the arterial and venous endothelium, the molecular distinctions that give rise to the dramatic structural distinctions between arteries and veins, such as in the organization of the intima, are not known. Methods and Results-We used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to analyze the transcriptional profile of the mouse aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC), not restricting our analysis to the endothelium, to identify genes whose expression was enriched in aorta over other tissues and the IVC. By quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, these genes have been shown to be highly expressed in the mouse aorta and were either expressed at low levels or were undetectable in the murine IVC. By immunofluorescence analysis of human tissue, we determined that a subset of these aorta-enriched proteins exhibited a primarily intima-restricted expression. Intimal expression of at least a subset of these genes, plakoglobin, galectin 7, sciellin, and SPRR3, was also detected in other types of arteries but not in veins. Furthermore, SPRR3 expression in the intima was primarily associated with atheromas. The proteins identified are functionally related in that they are known to also be enriched in stratified epithelia, where they play an important role in stress-bearing and barrier properties. Conclusions-Vascular expression of these genes has not been reported previously. Our observations suggest that they may play a significant role in the mechanisms by which large arteries may adapt to biomechanical stress.

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“…The EDC is a cluster of more than 50 genes located on chromosome 1q21 [1][2][3] whose products are involved in terminal differentiation of the human epidermis, including precursors of the cornified cell envelope (CE) (loricrin, involcrin, and SPRR), intermediate filament-associated proteins, and the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. 1,4 The SPRR genes encode for a series of highly homologous proteins that are critical components of the CE, an effective barrier against the environment. 2,3,[5][6][7] Many members of the SPRR protein family differ by only one to three amino acids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small proline-rich proteins 2 are noncoordinately upregulated by IL-6/STAT3 signaling after bile duct ligation

Nozaki

Lunz

Specht

et al. 2005

Laboratory Investigation

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Small proline-rich proteins 2 (SPRR2) are coordinately expressed with other epidermal differential complex (EDC) genes in the skin. They function as crosslinking proteins that form bridges between other proteins that comprise the cornified cell envelope, which is the major barrier against the environment. IL-6 is invariably produced at sites of biliary tract injury and IL-6-deficient (IL-6 À/À ) mice show impaired barrier function after bile duct ligation (BDL). Screening microarray analysis identified noncoordinate expression of SPRR2 as a candidate gene that is: (a) expressed in biliary epithelial cells (BEC); (b) IL-6 responsive; and (c) potentially related to biliary barrier function. Therefore, we studied in detail the regulation of BEC SPRR2A expression, in vitro; and tested the hypothesis that if BEC SPRR2 expression contributes to biliary barrier function, it should be increased after BDL in IL-6-wild type (IL-6 þ / þ ) mice and not in IL-6 À/À mice. In vitro studies confirmed that IL-6/gp130-signaling, mediated primarily by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), stimulated noncoordinate BEC SPRR2 expression. In vivo, noncoordinate upregulation of BEC SPRR2 expression after BDL was seen in the IL-6 þ / þ mice and was unrelated to squamous metaplasia. IL-6 À/À mice showed deficient BEC SPRR2 expression after BDL associated with impaired barrier function, as evidenced by smaller diameters of obstructed ducts, decreased bile volume, and an inability to form 'white bile' compared to IL-6 þ / þ mice at 12 weeks after BDL. IL-6 replacement therapy reversed the barrier defect in IL-6 À/À mice after BDL, coincident with recovery of SPRR2A expression. SPRR2 in diseased mouse and human liver localized subjacent to the apical plasma membrane of BEC lining bile ducts, but was more diffusely expressed throughout the cytoplasm of cholangioles. In conclusion, BEC IL-6/gp130/STAT3 signaling noncoordinately upregulates BEC SPRR2 that appears to contribute to modification of the biliary barrier under conditions of stress.

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Identification of Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC)-Encoded Genes by Subtractive Hybridization of Entire YACs to a Gridded Keratinocyte cDNA Library

Cited by 104 publications

References 73 publications

Characterization of a Novel Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme That Regulates β1,4-Galactosyltransferase-1 in Embryonic Stem Cells

Characterization of a Novel Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme That Regulates β1,4-Galactosyltransferase-1 in Embryonic Stem Cells

Enrichment of Genes in the Aortic Intima That Are Associated With Stratified Epithelium

Small proline-rich proteins 2 are noncoordinately upregulated by IL-6/STAT3 signaling after bile duct ligation

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