The mPEG-PCL Copolymer for Selective Fermentation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Against Candida parapsilosis in the Human Microbiome

Kao, Ming Shan; Wang, Yanhan; Marito, Shinta; Huang, Stephen; Lin, Wenxiong; Gangoiti, Jon A.; Barshop, Bruce A.; Choi, Hong‐Seok; Lee, Woan-Ruah; Sanford, James A.; Gallo, Richard L.; Ran, Yuping; Chen, Wan‐Tzu; Huang, Chun-Jen; Hsieh, Ming‐Fa; Huang, Chun-Ming

doi:10.4172/1948-5948.1000295

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In agreement with previous results, the medium color changed from red to orange to yellow, which we confirmed by detecting a change in the power of hydrogen (pH) and optical density at (OD) 560 nanometers (nm) . A change in the color of phenol red in the media from red to yellow and the acidification of the media with a striking drop in pH (4.22 vs. 6.57 and 7.25 in controls) was observed in media containing bacteria with CIN as a carbon source for fermentation after 12 h of incubation [ 7 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Although there was detected to be a OD 560 nm reduction in AB and CEH, a mild change in media color to orange with no significant change in pH ( Figure 1 a) was found in these carbon sources (6.56 vs. 6.57 and 7.35 in controls) (6.55 vs. 6.57 and 7.38 in controls) ( Figure 1 b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling

Negari

Keshari

Huang

2021

IJMS

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Collagen type I is a key structural component of dermis tissue and is produced by fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. The skin aging process, which is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, such as natural aging or free radical exposure, greatly reduces collagen expression, thereby leading to obstructed skin elasticity. We investigated the effective fermentation of Cetearyl isononanoate (CIN), a polyethylene glycol (PEG) analog, as a carbon source with the skin probiotic bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) or butyrate, as their fermentation metabolites could noticeably restore collagen expression through phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) activation in mouse fibroblast cells and skin. Both the in vitro and in vivo knockdown of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) or free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFaR2) considerably blocked the probiotic effect of S. epidermidis on p-ERK-induced collagen type I induction. These results demonstrate that butyric acid (BA) in the metabolites of fermenting skin probiotic bacteria mediates FFaR2 to induce the synthesis of collagen through p-ERK activation. We hereby imply that metabolites from the probiotic S. epidermidis fermentation of CIN as a potential carbon source could restore impaired collagen in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), providing integrity and elasticity to skin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling

Negari

Keshari

Huang

2021

IJMS

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“…Although the constituent of the RIPND surface; the PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymer which is a PEG derivative, has been demonstrated as a feasible material for microbial fermentation ( Frings et al, 1992 ; Kao et al, 2016 ), two issues that (1) the availability of the RIPND entity for microbial fermentation and (2) whether the RIPNDs can serve as a fermentation inducer for the probiotics but not P. acnes , still need to be addressed before applying the nanodroplets to bactericidal application. Based on the spectrophotometric analyses as shown in Figure 7 , our data show that P. acnes with and without RIPNDs exhibited similar fermentation rates within 3-h incubation at 37°C ( E F = 0.00057 vs. 0.00051; P = NS, Figure 7A ), while that of S. epidermidis in the presence of RIPNDs significantly enhanced 2.6 folds ( P < 0.05) compared with the one without RIPNDs (Figure 7B ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Rifampicin-Indocyanine Green-Loaded Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets for Photo-Chemo-Probiotic Antimicrobial Therapy

2018

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Acne vulgaris, generally resulted from overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), is one of the most difficult-to-treat facial dermatoses and more than 90% of adolescents experienced the disease worldwide. Because the innate non-lymphoid immune system cannot effectively eliminate excessive P. acnes from the skin surface, so far the therapy of acne vulgaris is still mainly dependent on antibiotic treatment. However, long-term or overdose of antibiotics may initiate microbial drug resistance and/or generate unexpected side effects that seriously hamper the use of antibiotics in the clinic. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, the novel rifampicin (RIF)-indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (RIPNDs) that may offer combined photo-, chemo-, and probiotic efficacies to P. acnes eradication were developed in this study. The RIPND was first characterized as a sphere-like nanoparticle with surface charge of −20.9 ± 2.40 mV and size of 240.7 ± 6.73 nm, in which the encapsulation efficiencies of RIF and ICG were 54.0 ± 10.5% and 95.0 ± 4.84%, respectively. In comparison to the freely dissolved ICG, the RIPNDs conferred an enhanced thermal stability to the entrapped ICG, and were able to provide a comparable hyperthermia effect and markedly increased production of singlet oxygen under near infrared (NIR; 808 nm, 6 W/cm2) exposure. Furthermore, the RIPNDs were able to induce fermentation of S. epidermidis but not P. acnes, indicating that the RIPNDs may serve as a selective fermentation initiator for the target probiotics. Based on the microbial population index analyses, P. acnes with 1 × 106 cells/mL can be completely eradicated by 12-h co-culture with S. epidermidis fermentation products followed by treatment of RIPNDs (≥20-μM ICG/3.8-μM RIF) + NIR for 5 min, whereby the resulted microbial mortality was even higher than that caused by using 16-fold enhanced amount of loaded RIF alone. Overall these efforts show that the RIPNDs were able to provide improved ICG stability, selective fermentability to S. epidermidis, and enhanced antimicrobial efficacy compared to equal dosage of free RIF and/or ICG, indicating that the developed nanodroplets are highly potential for use in the clinical anti-P. acne treatment with reduced chemotoxicity.

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“…Live probiotics and the compounds from bacteria or their metabolites play important role in skin care. For example, the fermentation metabolites of commensal S. lugdunensis could suppress fungi overgrowth, providing novel therapeutics for C. parapsilosis -associated infection in human dandruff [ 20 ]. The glycolipopeptide of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei has anti-adhesion and anti-microbial activity against pathogen in the skin microflora [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 ameliorates human scalp health by regulating scalp microbiome

et al. 2023

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Background The equilibrium of the scalp microbiome is important for maintaining healthy scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff, and hair growth. Many different strategies to improve scalp health have been reported; however, the effect of postbiotics, such as heat-killed probiotics, on scalp health remains unclear. We examined the beneficial effects of heat-killed probiotics consisting of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, GMNL-653, on scalp health. Results Heat-killed GMNL-653 could co-aggregate with scalp commensal fungi, Malassezia furfur, in vitro, and the GMNL-653-derived lipoteichoic acid inhibited the biofilm formation of M. furfur on Hs68 fibroblast cells. The mRNA of hair follicle growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), vascular endothelial growth factor, IGF-1, and keratinocyte growth factor was up-regulated in skin-related human cell lines Hs68 and HaCaT after treatment with heat-killed GMNL-653. For clinical observations, we recruited 22 volunteer participants to use the shampoo containing the heat-killed GMNL-653 for 5 months and subsequently measured their scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff formation, and hair growth. We applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the scalp microbiota of M. restricta, M. globosa, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. A decrease in dandruff and oil secretion and an increase in hair growth in the human scalp were observed after the use of heat-killed GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The increased abundance of M. globosa and the decreased abundance of M. restricta and C. acnes were also observed. We further found that accumulated L. paracasei abundance was positively correlated with M. globosa abundance and negatively correlated with C. acnes abundance. S. epidermidis and C. acnes abundance was negatively correlated with M. globosa abundance and positively correlated with M. restricta. Meanwhile, M. globosa and M. restricta abundances were negatively associated with each other. C. acnes and S. epidermidis abundances were statistically positively correlated with sebum secretion and dandruff, respectively, in our shampoo clinical trial. Conclusion Our study provides a new strategy for human scalp health care using the heat-killed probiotics GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The mechanism may be correlated with the microbiota shift.

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The mPEG-PCL Copolymer for Selective Fermentation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Against Candida parapsilosis in the Human Microbiome

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Probiotic Activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling

Probiotic Activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling

Development of Rifampicin-Indocyanine Green-Loaded Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets for Photo-Chemo-Probiotic Antimicrobial Therapy

Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 ameliorates human scalp health by regulating scalp microbiome

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