Probiotic Activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis Induces Collagen Type I Production through FFaR2/p-ERK Signaling

Abstract

Collagen type I is a key structural component of dermis tissue and is produced by fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. The skin aging process, which is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, such as natural aging or free radical exposure, greatly reduces collagen expression, thereby leading to obstructed skin elasticity. We investigated the effective fermentation of Cetearyl isononanoate (CIN), a polyethylene glycol (PEG) analog, as a carbon source with the skin probiotic bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.epidermidis) or butyrate, as their fermentation metabolites could noticeably restore collagen expression through phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) activation in mouse fibroblast cells and skin. Both the in vitro and in vivo knockdown of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) or free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFaR2) considerably blocked the probiotic effect of S. epidermidis on p-ERK-induced collagen type I induction. These results demonstrate that butyric acid (BA) in the metabolites of fermenting skin probiotic bacteria mediates FFaR2 to induce the synthesis of collagen through p-ERK activation. We hereby imply that metabolites from the probiotic S. epidermidis fermentation of CIN as a potential carbon source could restore impaired collagen in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), providing integrity and elasticity to skin.

Metabolomic Analysis of Skin Malodor-Associated Compounds and Structure-based Prediction of Acetolactate Synthase Selective Sulfonylurea Inhibitors

“…Both bene cial and harmful effects of butyric acid on humans have been documented (24). Thus, we examined how butanoate metabolism in humans or skin bacteria metabolized 28 constituents detectable in sweat.…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis CCSM0287, Isolated from Healthy Facial Skin

“… Staphylococcus epidermidis is a ubiquitous inhabitant of human skin and plays a crucial role in maintaining skin homeostasis. Various studies have shown that S. epidermidis is the guardian of skin health, promoting skin immunity, repair, and antimicrobial defense ( 1 – 8 ). S. epidermidis CCSM0287 was isolated from the healthy facial skin of a Chinese woman.…”

Selenized Chickpea Sprouts Hydrolysates as a Potential Anti-Aging Ingredient

“…According to [38], the main difference can be seen in the collagen proteins in a membrane protein complex in dermal fibroblasts during skin aging, i.e., collagen type I, which accounts for around 80% of the overall collagen in the adult human dermis and its content could indicate degradation. It is shown that Se-enriched tuna enhances collagen synthesis and promotes the proliferation of fibroblasts having anti-aging and anti-wrinkle effects [39].…”