The Mozart Effect

Hughes, John R.

doi:10.1006/ebeh.2001.0250

Cited by 58 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In order to test effects of music on analgesia and antiseizure activity in animal models of epilepsy and pain, we created a playlist comprising Mozart compositions previously shown to reduce epileptic seizures or epileptiform discharges in PWE (28,31,35,36,41,42,73,74). The playlist was prepared and delivered as described in the Methods section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The auditory system processes acoustic waves with specific rhythm, sequences, phrases and punctuation which generate action potentials in the nervous system. The role of specific musical structures (rhythm and pitch) in K.448 was studied in rodents and humans (85), whereas high periodicity was proposed to account for the antiseizure effects (73). Musical tempo modulate emotions (113) which can in turn affect pain processing (114,115).…”

Section: Translational Implications Of Studying Enriched Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Music-Enhanced Analgesia and Antiseizure Activities in Animal Models of Pain and Epilepsy: Toward Preclinical Studies Supporting Development of Digital Therapeutics and Their Combinations With Pharmaceutical Drugs

Metcalf

Huntsman

Garcia³

et al. 2019

Front. Neurol.

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Digital therapeutics (software as a medical device) and mobile health (mHealth) technologies offer a means to deliver behavioral, psychosocial, disease self-management and music-based interventions to improve therapy outcomes for chronic diseases, including pain and epilepsy. To explore new translational opportunities in developing digital therapeutics for neurological disorders, and their integration with pharmacotherapies, we examined analgesic and antiseizure effects of specific musical compositions in mouse models of pain and epilepsy. The music playlist was created based on the modular progression of Mozart compositions for which reduction of seizures and epileptiform discharges were previously reported in people with epilepsy. Our results indicated that music-treated mice exhibited significant analgesia and reduction of paw edema in the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain. Among analgesic drugs tested (ibuprofen, cannabidiol (CBD), levetiracetam, and the galanin analog NAX 5055), music intervention significantly decreased paw withdrawal latency difference in ibuprofen-treated mice and reduced paw edema in combination with CBD or NAX 5055. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first animal study on music-enhanced antinociceptive activity of analgesic drugs. In the plantar incision model of surgical pain, music-pretreated mice had significant reduction of mechanical allodynia. In the corneal kindling model of epilepsy, the cumulative seizure burden following kindling acquisition was lower in animals exposed to music. The music-treated group also exhibited significantly improved survival, warranting further research on music interventions for preventing Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). We propose a working Metcalf et al. Music-Enhanced Analgesic and Antiseizure Activities model of how musical elements such as rhythm, sequences, phrases and punctuation found in K.448 and K.545 may exert responses via parasympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Based on our findings, we discuss: (1) how enriched environment (EE) can serve as a preclinical surrogate for testing combinations of non-pharmacological modalities and drugs for the treatment of pain and other chronic diseases, and (2) a new paradigm for preclinical and clinical development of therapies leading to drug-device combination products for neurological disorders, depression and cancer. In summary, our present results encourage translational research on integrating non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for pain and epilepsy using digital therapeutics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Translational Implications Of Studying Enriched Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Music-Enhanced Analgesia and Antiseizure Activities in Animal Models of Pain and Epilepsy: Toward Preclinical Studies Supporting Development of Digital Therapeutics and Their Combinations With Pharmaceutical Drugs

Metcalf

Huntsman

Garcia³

et al. 2019

Front. Neurol.

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“…The modulatory effects of Mozart's Sonata (K.448) on immune and stress-induced diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and malignant neoplasm have been documented in both human and animals (7,(15)(16)(17)(18). In this study, we tried to explore the long-term effect of K.448 on stressed rats in an asthma model, and results showed that the exacerbation of asthma was mitigated and the levels of serum corticosterone and central IL-1β were reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…* Corresponding author: Fang Pan, Ph.D., Professor, Institute of Medical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China; E-mail: panfang2003@hotmail.com 1995, the generalized Mozart effect-enhanced (or normalized) higher brain function in response to music exposure (7)-has been extended beyond the initial studies with college students (8)(9)(10) to clinical research, including normalizing effects in Alzheimer's disease (11), epilepsy, and even in comas (12)(13)(14). Long-term Mozart effect-at least a number of days-has been found in humans and animals (7,(15)(16)(17)(18). For example, it is suggested that exposure to K.448 continuously for 10 hours per day for 10 consecutive weeks can produce a resistance to the onset of further seizures (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Stress in Early Life on Immune Functions in Rats With Asthma and the Effects of Music Therapy

Shi

et al. 2010

Journal of Asthma

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“…Hughes reports that the long-term periodicity of the melody line in Mozart's music has a significantly higher value when compared with music by Wagner and three other composers. Hughes suggests this may be the reason why Mozart's music reduces epileptiform discharges [12]. Zhao and Chen report that the valence of music melodies, rather than the mood it induces, may be the mediator in the pain-relief effect of different pieces of music [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mozart K.545 Mimics Mozart K.448 in Reducing Epileptiform Discharges in Epileptic Children

Lin

Lee

Wei

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Mozart K.448 has been shown to improve cognitive function, leading to what is known as the Mozart Effect. Our previous work reveals positive effects of Mozart K.448 in reducing epileptiform discharges in epileptic children. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Mozart K.545 and compared the effects with those of Mozart K.448 on epileptiform discharges in children with epilepsy. Thirty-nine epileptic children with epileptiform discharges were included in the study. They received electroencephalogram examinations before, during, and after listening to Mozart K.448 and K.545, one week apart, respectively. The frequencies of epileptiform discharges were compared. There was a significant decrease in the frequency of epileptiform discharges during and right after listening to Mozart K.448 and K.545 (reduced by 35.7 ± 32.7% during Mozart K.448 and 30.3 ± 44.4% after Mozart K.448; and 34.0 ± 39.5% during Mozart K.545 and 31.8 ± 39.2% after Mozart K.545). Spectrogrammatic analysis of the two pieces of music demonstrated that both share similar spectrogrammatic characteristics. Listening to Mozart K.448 and K.545 decreased the epileptiform discharges in epileptic children. This suggests that Mozart K.448 is not the only piece of music to have beneficial effects on children with epilepsy. Other music with lower harmonics may also decrease epileptiform discharges in epileptic children.

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The Mozart Effect

Cited by 58 publications

References 41 publications

Music-Enhanced Analgesia and Antiseizure Activities in Animal Models of Pain and Epilepsy: Toward Preclinical Studies Supporting Development of Digital Therapeutics and Their Combinations With Pharmaceutical Drugs

Music-Enhanced Analgesia and Antiseizure Activities in Animal Models of Pain and Epilepsy: Toward Preclinical Studies Supporting Development of Digital Therapeutics and Their Combinations With Pharmaceutical Drugs

Effects of Stress in Early Life on Immune Functions in Rats With Asthma and the Effects of Music Therapy

Mozart K.545 Mimics Mozart K.448 in Reducing Epileptiform Discharges in Epileptic Children

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