The mouse submandibular gland: an exocrine organ for growth factors.

Murphy, Richard A.; Watson, Ann Y.; Metz, J; Forssmann, W.G.

doi:10.1177/28.8.6969274

Cited by 118 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…These peptides are found in the submandibular secretions of unstimulated animals in similar ratios to those observed in the gland. Release of these peptides is drastically increased after administration of the adrenergic agonist epinephrine, as has been shown for other polypeptides of SMG origin [12,15,16,441.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Selective processing of submandibular rat 1 protein at dibasic cleavage sites

Rougeot

Rosinski‐Chupin

Njamkepo

et al. 1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The amino acid sequence of submandibular rat 1 (SMR1) protein, deduced from its cDNA sequence, led to the prediction that the SMR1 gene encodes a hormone‐like precursor [Rosinski‐Chupin, I., Tronik, D. & Rougeon, F. (1988) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 8553–8557]. SMR1 contains an N‐terminal putative secretory signal sequence and a tetrapeptide (QHNP), located between dibasic amino acids which constitute the most common signal for prohormone processing. We have isolated and characterized from the male rat submandibular gland and its secretions three structurally related peptides, namely an undecapeptide (VRGPRRQHNPR), a hexapeptide (RQHNPR) and a pentapeptide (QHNPR) generated from SMR1 by selective proteolytic cleavages at pairs of arginine residues. The biosynthesis of these peptides is subjected to distinct regulatory pathways depending on the organ, sex and age of the rat. Furthermore, the peptides are differentially distributed in the submandibular gland and in resting or epinephrine‐elicited submandibular salivary secretions, suggesting distinct proteolytic pathways for their maturation. The undecapeptide is generated in the gland of both male and female rats, but under basal conditions it is only released into the saliva in male animals. The hexapeptide is produced in large amounts in the gland of adult male rats and released into the saliva in both resting and stimulated conditions. The pentapeptide appears only in the male saliva and is present mostly under stimulated conditions. In addition, administration of epinephrine induces the release of the hexapeptide from the submandibular gland into the bloodstream. The evidence indicates that the rat submandibular gland can function as a dual exocrine and endocrine organ for the SMR1‐derived hexapeptide, as has been reported for nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, renin and kallikrein. Although the biological activities of the SMR1‐derived peptides are not yet known, their high production and adrenergic‐induced release only into the saliva and bloodstream of adult male rats, suggest a physiological involvement in some male‐specific processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Selective processing of submandibular rat 1 protein at dibasic cleavage sites

Rougeot

Rosinski‐Chupin

Njamkepo

et al. 1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…There then follow the murine salivary gland, especially its granular ducts, producing NGF (nerve growth factor), EGF (epidermal growth factor), renin, angiotensin, neurotensin and many other bioactive peptides (for reviews see BARKA, 1980;MURPHY et al, 1980), and frog cutaneous exocrine cells producing different bioactive peptides such as caerulein, bombesin, tachykinin and sauvagine as reviewed by ERSPAMER (1983), an explorer in this field (see RENDA et al, in this volume).…”

Section: Ectopic Expression Of Paraneuronal Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present status of paraneuron concept.

Fujita

1989

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…The polypeptides, EGF and NGF, as well as kallikrein, renin, and esteroproteases in GCT cells may have specific sugar residues involved in binding for carbohydrate-protein complex formation. Granules of EGF and NGF in GCT cells bind to arginine esterase as a binding protein (1,14,26,27). The binding sites of these biologically active peptides probably involve a glycoprotein complex.…”

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confidence: 99%