The motion aftereffect reloaded

Mather, George; Pavan, Andrea; Campana, Gianluca; Casco, Clara

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.09.002

Cited by 133 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…An examination of the relationship between the perceived strength of each single motion phenomenon and the concentrations of neurotransmitters in the V1 should be performed in future studies. A similar argument can be applied to the fact that we did not find a correlation between the individual differences in motion perception and the neurotransmitter concentrations in the MT, where it is crucially important for motion perception [6,32]. If we examine the relationship between the neurotransmitter concentrations and the perceived strength of motion assimilation in the spatiotopic coordinate, but not motion contrast in the retinotopic coordinate, we might have some clues regarding the function of neurotransmitters on visual motion perception in the MT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…First, the GABA concentration in V1 predicts the individual differences in several types of visual perception [2][3][4]31]. Therefore, if an individual difference is based on the perceived strength of motion contrast, which might originate in V1, the GABA concentration in the V1 could be correlated with an individual difference because of the inhibitory nature of the motion contrast, a subtype of the motion aftereffect [6,9,14]. Second, the MT is known to play a crucial role in visual motion perception [6,32], and this representation would be based on the spatiotopic coordinates [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, if an individual difference is based on the perceived strength of motion contrast, which might originate in V1, the GABA concentration in the V1 could be correlated with an individual difference because of the inhibitory nature of the motion contrast, a subtype of the motion aftereffect [6,9,14]. Second, the MT is known to play a crucial role in visual motion perception [6,32], and this representation would be based on the spatiotopic coordinates [17,18]. Therefore, if an individual difference is rooted in motion assimilation, which might originate in the MT, the neurotransmitter concentration in the MT could be correlated with an individual difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain

Takeuchi

Yoshimoto

Shimada³

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Auditory and visual scene analysis'. Recent studies have shown that interindividual variability can be a rich source of information regarding the mechanism of human visual perception. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying interindividual variability in the perception of visual motion, one of the fundamental components of visual scene analysis, by measuring neurotransmitter concentrations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. First, by psychophysically examining two types of motion phenomena-motion assimilation and contrast-we found that, following the presentation of the same stimulus, some participants perceived motion assimilation, while others perceived motion contrast. Furthermore, we found that the concentration of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate-glutamine (Glx) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) was positively correlated with the participant's tendency to motion assimilation over motion contrast; however, this effect was not observed in the visual areas. The concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter g-aminobutyric acid had only a weak effect compared with that of Glx. We conclude that excitatory process in the suprasensory area is important for an individual's tendency to determine antagonistically perceived visual motion phenomena.This article is part of the themed issue 'Auditory and visual scene analysis'.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain

Takeuchi

Yoshimoto

Shimada³

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…In all other sensory systems, aftereffects have been observed both neurally and behaviorally (1,(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). To investigate odor coding after odor cessation, we analyzed cells' postodor firing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These dynamics can persist even after the cessation of stimulus, which can take the form of an off-response or prolonged aftereffect. Aftereffects have been intensely studied in vision (1,3) and also observed in audition (4,5), touch (6,7), taste (here the afterimages may be due to persistent ligand binding) (8,9), and insect olfaction (10,11). In mammalian olfaction, the only reported aftereffect is a "persistent afterdischarge" following high concentration odors (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Odor representations in the olfactory bulb evolve after the first breath and persist as an odor afterimage

Patterson

Lagier

Carleton

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rodents can discriminate odors in one breath, and mammalian olfaction research has thus focused on the first breath. However, sensory representations dynamically change during and after stimuli. To investigate these dynamics, we recorded spike trains from the olfactory bulb of awake, head-fixed mice and found that some mitral cells' odor representations changed following the first breath and others continued after odor cessation. Population analysis revealed that these postodor responses contained odor-and concentration-specific information-an odor afterimage. Using calcium imaging, we found that most olfactory glomerular activity was restricted to the odor presentation, implying that the afterimage is not primarily peripheral. The odor afterimage was not dependent on odorant physicochemical properties. To artificially induce aftereffects, we photostimulated mitral cells using channelrhodopsin and recorded centrally maintained persistent activity. The strength and persistence of the afterimage was dependent on the duration of both artificial and natural stimulation. In summary, we show that the odor representation evolves after the first breath and that there is a centrally maintained odor afterimage, similar to other sensory systems. These dynamics may help identify novel odorants in complex environments.multielectrode recording | network dynamics | optogenetics S ensory systems, even when presented with fixed stimuli, use dynamic neural representations that change over time. These changes range from simple potentiation or adaptation to more complex temporal patterns (1, 2). These dynamics can persist even after the cessation of stimulus, which can take the form of an off-response or prolonged aftereffect. Aftereffects have been intensely studied in vision (1, 3) and also observed in audition (4, 5), touch (6, 7), taste (here the afterimages may be due to persistent ligand binding) (8, 9), and insect olfaction (10, 11). In mammalian olfaction, the only reported aftereffect is a "persistent afterdischarge" following high concentration odors (12).Olfaction is an active process that is coordinated by breathing (2, 13). Odorants bind to odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) in the epithelium, which synapse onto mitral/tufted (M/T) cells in the olfactory bulb (OB) at precisely defined glomeruli. Direct recordings of ORNs in rats show that ORNs are excited by odors and that activity can last for seconds after odor cessation (14). Others have measured the output of ORNs, by imaging glomeruli, and found that the response is gated by each breath and that the amplitude decreases with time (13, 15). The importance of breath segmentation for M/T cells has recently been shown in awake subjects, where neurons respond with precise, phasic firing patterns (16-18). However, these recordings have focused on how information is represented during the first breath, as rodents can identify odors in a single breath (19)(20)(21). Activity in piriform cortex is also segmented by breaths, and neurons there respond sparsely (22,23), and with a...

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Cortical alterations in phobic postural vertigo – a multimodal imaging approach

Popp

Eulenburg

Stephan

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveFunctional dizziness syndromes are among the most common diagnoses made in patients with chronic dizziness, but their underlying neural characteristics are largely unknown. The aim of this neuroimaging study was to analyze the disease‐specific brain changes in patients with phobic postural vertigo (PPV).MethodsWe measured brain morphology, task response, and functional connectivity in 44 patients with PPV and 44 healthy controls.ResultsThe analyses revealed a relative structural increase in regions of the prefrontal cortex and the associated thalamic projection zones as well as in the primary motor cortex. Morphological increases in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex positively correlated with disease duration, whereas increases in dorsolateral, medial, and ventromedial prefrontal areas positively correlated with the Beck depression index. Visual motion stimulation caused an increased task‐dependent activity in the subgenual anterior cingulum and a significantly longer duration of the motion aftereffect in the patients. Task‐based functional connectivity analyses revealed aberrant involvement of interoceptive, fear generalization, and orbitofrontal networks.InterpretationOur findings agree with some of the typical characteristics of functional dizziness syndromes, for example, excessive self‐awareness, anxious appraisal, and obsessive controlling of posture. This first evidence indicates that the disease‐specific mechanisms underlying PPV are related to networks involved in mood regulation, fear generalization, interoception, and cognitive control. They do not seem to be the result of aberrant processing in cortical visual, visual motion, or vestibular regions.

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The motion aftereffect reloaded

Cited by 133 publications

References 53 publications

Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain

Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain

Odor representations in the olfactory bulb evolve after the first breath and persist as an odor afterimage

Cortical alterations in phobic postural vertigo – a multimodal imaging approach

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