Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain

Takeuchi, Tatsuto; Yoshimoto, Shin; Shimada, Yasuhiro; Kochiyama, Takanori; Kondo, Hiroyo

doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0111

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…First, it is consistent with the overall trend from a number of studies of resting state activity [86,87], showing a coarser outcome: they reveal greater variability in regions of the brain associated with more cognitive processing, than regions associated with perceptual processing. Second, it is consistent with studies of perceptual bistability indicating that there may be greater individual variability in the balance of excitation and inhibition in regions associated with more cognitive processing [27,29,85]. Third, it is consistent with the prevalence of evidence supporting the role of more general, higher-level processing stages during perceptual bistability [4,7,20,33,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]; if these higher-level sources play a more dominant role in perceptual bistability, this could be due to the greater variety of configurations at later stages of analysis that can generate perceptual bistability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The results also indicate that there are more variations of the later stages consistent with human data than earlier stages of processing. When interpreted in light of the significant individual differences found in perceptual bistability [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]85], a possible implication is that there is greater variability in human function for the higher-level stages of auditory processing, than lower-level stages of processing. April 3, 2019 13/28…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, these switching patterns can be accounted for using differences in the dynamics of adaptation, inhibition and noise [5,7,18,29,38,[42][43][44][45]84]. Third, there are a number of neural correlates of these behavioral signatures in the balance of excitation and inhibition, as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) [27,29,85].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Little

Snyder

Elhilali

2019

Preprint

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AbstractPerceptual bistability—the spontaneous fluctuation of perception between two interpretations of a stimulus—occurs when observing a large variety of ambiguous stimulus configurations. This phenomenon has the potential to serve as a tool for, among other things, understanding how function varies across individuals due to the large individual differences that manifest during perceptual bistability. Yet it remains difficult to interpret the functional processes at work, without knowing where bistability arises during perception. In this study we explore the hypothesis that bistability originates from multiple sources distributed across the perceptual hierarchy. We develop a hierarchical model of auditory processing comprised of three distinct levels: a Peripheral, tonotopic analysis, a Central analysis computing features found more centrally in the auditory system, and an Object analysis, where sounds are segmented into different streams. We model bistable perception within this system by injecting adaptation, inhibition and noise into one or all of the three levels of the hierarchy. We evaluate a large ensemble of variations of this hierarchical model, where each model has a different configuration of adaptation, inhibition and noise. This approach avoids the assumption that a single configuration must be invoked to explain the data. Each model is evaluated based on its ability to replicate two hallmarks of bistability during auditory streaming: the selectivity of bistability to specific stimulus configurations, and the characteristic log-normal pattern of perceptual switches. Consistent with a distributed origin, a broad range of model parameters across this hierarchy lead to a plausible form of perceptual bistability. The ensemble also appears to predict that greater individual variation in adaptation and inhibition occurs in later stages of perceptual processing.Author summaryOur ability to experience the everyday world through our senses requires that we resolve numerous ambiguities present in the physical evidence available. This is accomplished, in part, through a series of hierarchical computations, in which stimulus interpretations grow increasingly abstract. Our ability to resolve ambiguity does not always succeed, such as during optical illusions. In this study, we examine a form of perceptual ambiguity called bistability—cases in which a single individual’s perception spontaneously switches back and forth between two interpretations of a single stimulus. A challenge in understanding bistability is that we don’t know where along the perceptual hierarchy it is generated. Here we test the idea that there are multiple origins by building a simulation of the auditory system. Consistent with a multi-source account of bistability, this simulation accurately predicts perception of a simple auditory stimulus when bistability originates from a number of different sources within the model. The data also indicate that individual differences during ambiguous perception may primarily originate from higher levels of the perceptual hierarchy. This result provides a clue for future work aiming to determine how auditory function differs across individual brains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Little

Snyder

Elhilali

2019

Preprint

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“…For example, Duncan and Boynton (2003), found that the cortical magnification factor in primary visual cortex correlates with visual acuity. Recent work (see Kanai & Rees, 2011 for a review) has revealed correlations between brain structure and biological motion detection (Gilaie-dotan, Kanai, Bahrami, Rees, & Saygin, 2013), rate of perceptual alternation in binocular rivalry (Kanai, Bahrami, & Rees, 2010), motion assimilation and contrast (Takeuchi, Yoshimoto, Shimada, Kochiyama, & Kondo, 2017), susceptibility to geometrical illusions (Axelrod, Schwarzkopf, Gilaie-dotan, & Rees, 2017; Schwarzkopf, Song, & Rees, 2011), susceptibility to the tilt illusion (Song, Schwarzkopf, & Rees, 2013b; Song et al, 2013a), and orientation discrimination (Song et al, 2013b). …”

Section: The Value Of Research On Individual Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in visual science: What can be learned and what is good experimental practice?

et al. 2017

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We all pass out our lives in private perceptual worlds. The differences in our sensory and perceptual experiences often go unnoticed until there emerges a variation (such as ‘The Dress’) that is large enough to generate different descriptions in the coarse coinage of our shared language. In this essay, we illustrate how individual differences contribute to a richer understanding of visual perception, but we also indicate some potential pitfalls that face the investigator who ventures into the field.

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“…In contrast, in this issue, Takeuchi et al [19] observed a relationship between the concentration of Glx and visual motion perception only in the prefrontal cortex and not in visual areas. They examined two types of motion phenomena-motion assimilation and contrast-and found that, following the presentation of the same stimulus, some participants perceived motion contrast, whereas others perceived motion assimilation.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Auditory and Visual Scene Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

Auditory and visual scene analysis: an overview

Kondo

Loon

Kawahara

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

Self Cite

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We perceive the world as stable and composed of discrete objects even though auditory and visual inputs are often ambiguous owing to spatial and temporal occluders and changes in the conditions of observation. This raises important questions regarding where and how ‘scene analysis’ is performed in the brain. Recent advances from both auditory and visual research suggest that the brain does not simply process the incoming scene properties. Rather, top-down processes such as attention, expectations and prior knowledge facilitate scene perception. Thus, scene analysis is linked not only with the extraction of stimulus features and formation and selection of perceptual objects, but also with selective attention, perceptual binding and awareness. This special issue covers novel advances in scene-analysis research obtained using a combination of psychophysics, computational modelling, neuroimaging and neurophysiology, and presents new empirical and theoretical approaches. For integrative understanding of scene analysis beyond and across sensory modalities, we provide a collection of 15 articles that enable comparison and integration of recent findings in auditory and visual scene analysis. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Auditory and visual scene analysis’.

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Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Ensemble modeling of auditory streaming reveals potential sources of bistability across the perceptual hierarchy

Individual differences in visual science: What can be learned and what is good experimental practice?

Auditory and visual scene analysis: an overview

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