The Most Common Impacts of Drilling Dynamics and Environments on Log-While-Drilling Data: A Study from Abu Dhabi

Abstract

Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) has incorporated almost all wireline-equivalent technology with the added advantage of logging high-angle and horizontal wells with reduced rig time, critical for cost optimization efforts. LWD measurements are affected by a rugged drilling environment, and logging interpretation with a wireline mindset leads to erroneous results. Identifying measurement artefacts from real formation information is critical for reliable log analysis. This publication discusses the most common effects of drilling dynamics and environments on LWD logs that were observed during logging and drilling wells in cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in an Abu Dhabi onshore field. Log data from more than one hundred wells are reviewed to identify several interesting effects due to bottom-hole-assembly (BHA) design, BHA driving mechanism (Rotary steerable system versus mud motor), tool eccentricity, well angle, mud properties, differential invasion, borehole condition, formation fluid properties and lithology. In a few instances, some of these effects occur simultaneously, complicating the log response. These phenomenons are discussed in detail with actual examples and compared to offset wells and response modellings. The rugged logging environment and limited formation damage due to invasion provide a unique opportunity to obtain additional insight about reservoir behavior, especially when compared to wireline data in an offset well or in the same well. Pre-job planning and modelling can use these phenomena for getting additional information about dynamic reservoir behavior. This paper highlights a few such applications. This paper explains the impact of a dynamic drilling environment on LWD measurements and serves as a ready reference to identify measurement artifacts from real formation information. It is helpful as a guidebook for log analysts, geologist, geo-steering engineers and other non-specialists to identify LWD measurement artefacts.

Toward the Internet of Underground Things: A Systematic Survey

“…The early MPT systems were able to only communicate the azimuth and inclination information for the wells navigation. The main concept of MPT lies in the circulation of the mud for the transmission of the data [7]. During the drilling process, the pumps at the surface circulate the mud down to the drill string through the pressure pulses [84], [85].…”

“…For example, the use of mud pulse telemetry (MPT) communication systems for oil and gas monitoring dates back to the mid of the 19 th century [6]. The MPT systems work on the concept of mud circulation in the pipes for data transmission [7]. Although MPT systems are well-developed for down-hole monitoring, their data rate is low, i.e., in bits per second.…”

A Survey on Subsurface Signal Propagation

“…Mud pulse telemetry (MPT) is one of the oldest method for down-hole communication which was used for getting information on azimuth and inclination for wells navigation. It communicates data using the circulation of the mud [29,191]. The mud is transferred from the above ground to underground through pressure pulses via drill string during drilling [192,193].…”

Deep Learning-Based Index Modulation for Underground Communications

“…For instance, mud pulse telemetry (MPT) communication techniques have been employed to observe the gas and oil industry [3]. These MPT systems operate by leveraging mud circulation in pipes for communication [4]. Unfortunately, MPT systems are limited to down-hole observation, and low-rate data transmission, which is usually measured in bits per second.…”