The mosaic of habitats in the high-altitude Brazilian rupestrian fields is a hotspot for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Abstract

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Ocorrência De Plantas Não Nativas E Exóticas Em Áreas Restauradas De Campos Rupestres

“…A cobertura vegetal na Serra do Cipó é muito diversificada, variando principalmente conforme o solo e a altitude (Carvalho et al, 2012). A área de estudo varia em altitude: entre 1.000 e 1.300 m acima do nível do mar.…”

“…Tilman (1993, 1997 afirmou que a construção e a manutenção das rodovias modificam as condições nutricionais do solo adjacente às vias, facilitando o estabelecimento de espécies que precisam de condições nutricionais e hídricas semelhantes às do novo solo para se estabelecer. Além disso, a eliminação da vegetação nativa cria áreas seguras para germinação das sementes das espécies introduzidas (Lonsdale & Lane, 1994;Greenberg et al, 1997;Trombulak & Frissel, 2000;Christen & Matlack, 2006). No caso de ambientes marcados pelas condições adversas provocadas pelo baixo teor nutricional dos solos e/ou excesso de elementos tóxicos, como o alumínio, a exemplo dos campos rupestres quartzíticos e ferruginosos na cadeia da Serra do Espinhaço no Sudeste brasileiro e no Pará, essas modificações podem resultar em drásticas mudanças e favorecer ainda mais as invasões.…”

Vegetation composition and structure of some Neotropical mountain grasslands in Brazil

“…However, as each campo rupestre physiognomy is characterized by its own constraints (e.g. type of substrate), different adaptations can be observed between both grassland types (see Carvalho et al 2012, Negreiros et al 2014). …”

“…In this grass layer, a mosaic of different pedoenvironments, which sustain abrupt changes, have already been highlighted (Benites et al 2003;Alves and Kolbek 2010;Carvalho et al 2012;Figure 1a), and should lead to the variation of plant communities. However this assumption has not been experimentally tested within the grassy matrix of campos rupestres, while these community variations may explain the extremely rich biodiversity of these tropical grasslands.…”

“…Campos rupestres are constrained ecosystems, their soils are shallow, acidic and coarsely textured, with high aluminum and low nutrient content (Benites et al 2003(Benites et al , 2007. Despite these harsh conditions, these grasslands are important centers of biodiversity (Giulietti et al 1987(Giulietti et al , 2005Lara and Fernandes 1996;FAO 1998;Carvalho et al 2012) and represent one of the highest levels of endemism in the Cerrado biome (Alves and Kolbek 1994;Giulietti et al 1997;Silva and Bates 2002;Echternacht et al 2011). …”