The morphology of spray dried mannitol particles — The vital importance of droplet size

A multivariate approach applied to quality on particle engineering of spray-dried mannitol

“…During spray drying, water evaporation at droplet surface creates a supersaturated layer or shell entrapping the remaining water, which evaporates and is removed slowly by diffusion through the solid wall or by holes developed by internal pressure. However, at high temperatures water evaporation occurs faster that there is no time for crystal nucleation and all the water vaporizes before a shell is formed or solidified [8], resulting in loss of spherical shape. The morphologies Fig.…”

“…D-mannitol is largely used in pharmaceutical products because of its inertness, low hygroscopicity, good compatibility with the vast majority of excipients and does not present incompatibilities reactions with drugs, proteins and peptides that contains primary amino groups [7]. Furthermore, due to its physical properties spray dried mannitol (SDM) has been extensively studied in the last few years mainly as an alternative to monohydrated a-lactose as a carrier in dried powder inhalers for lung drug administration [7][8][9][10].…”

Combined control of morphology and polymorph in spray drying of mannitol for dry powder inhalation

“…Hence, the relationship between the morphology of mannitol crystals and the roughness of the mannitol particles is not yet clear. On the other hand, the particles appear irregular spheroidal since internal bubbles escape violently from the film of droplets [40,53]. With the increase in NH 4 HCO 3 concentration, a large number of minute bubbles were observed to break through the droplet film or particle shell.…”

Spray drying of mixed amino acids: The effect of crystallization inhibition and humidity treatment on the particle formation

“…The knowledge is required for the design of particles containing AAs and is generally deduced from their crystallization and drying behaviors. The involvement of both drying and crystallization processes in spray drying of AAs means that it is challenging to understand these behaviors separately (Maas et al, 2011;Littringer et al, 2013), and has resulted in limited works being done in this area (Yu and Ng, 2002;Penović et al, 2013;Losev et al, 2013). To study the crystallization process during drying, the well-defined systems of Single Droplet Drying (SDD) and Micro Fluidic Jet Spray Drying (MFJSD) at the Monash research group were employed to examine the crystallization behaviors of mixed AAs -taurine and glycine (Lin et al, 2015;Lin et al, 2013).…”