The morphology of maxillary first and second molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in a polish population

Abstract

BackgroundThe success of endodontic treatment is greatly affected by the location of the root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first and second molars in a Polish population using cone-beam computed tomography scanning.MethodsCone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of maxillary first and second molars the maxilla were examined. The number of roots and root canals, and the frequency of additional canals (MB2) in the mesiobuccal root canals were determined. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square test or the chi-square test with Yates’ correction.ResultsA total of 112 CBCT images of maxillary first (n = 185) and second molars (n = 207) from 112 patients were analyzed. All the maxillary first molars had three roots (100%). The majority of maxillary second molars had three roots (91.8%), 5.8% had two roots and 2.4% had one root. A statistically significant difference was observed between the numbers of roots in the maxillary first and second molars (p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was also found in the distribution of the number of canals in the maxillary first and second molars (p < 0.001). The majority of maxillary first molars had four root canals (59.5%), while 40.5% had three root canals. Most maxillary second molars had three root canals (70%). Additional canals (MB2) in the mesiobuccal roots were detected significantly more frequently in the maxillary first molars than the second molars (p = 0.000) and more frequently in men than in women (p < 0.05). A higher prevalence of two canals in the mesiobuccal roots in maxillary second molars occurred in patients aged between 31 and 40 years than in patients aged between 21 and 30 years. In the maxillary first molars, the prevalence of the MB2 canal in the mesiobuccal root was almost equally distributed in the two age groups (21–30 and 31–40 years).ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that there are differences in the number and configuration of roots and root canals between maxillary first and second molars in the studied patients of a Polish population.

Evaluation of anatomy and root canal morphology of the maxillary first molar using the cone-beam computed tomography among residents of the moscow region

“…For the MB root in our study, it was contained one canal in 40.2% of cases and two canals in 59.8% of cases. These findings are consistent with other studies on other populations about the prevalence of MB2: 63.59% (Korea),[ 1 ] 48% (Pakistan),[ 17 ] 63.3% (Thailand),[ 10 ] 42.63% (Brazil),[ 15 ] 59.5% (Poland),[ 18 ] and 70.6% (Saudi Arabia). [ 13 ] In other populations, the incidence of two canals in MB root was higher: 88.2% (Japan),[ 19 ] 86.6% (Iran),[ 9 ] and 71% (Caucasian population).…”

“…Our findings are in contrast with Ratanajirasut et al . [ 10 ] and Olczak and Pawlicka,[ 18 ] which did not find correlation between age and the prevalence of MB2. These differences could be related to the sample size and the anatomical variations among populations.…”

“…It has three roots and four canals in the most common form;[ 11 ] many researches had studied the morphology of the maxillary first molar root canal system all over the world using many different techniques. [ 1 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ] The study of the anatomy and root canal morphology of the maxillary first molar in Russia was carried out in some regions. Till now, we have scattered data on the anatomy of root canals, which makes it relevant to study this issue in different regions of the Russian Federation and in different age groups.…”

Detection of root canals in historical population from Radom (Poland)

“…Additional canals (MB2) in the mesiobuccal roots were detected significantly more frequently in the teeth collected from Radom (86%) than in the teeth from central Poland (60%). The presence of three root canals in maxillary first molars was much lower in the Radom group (14%) than in the comparative study (40%) [32].…”

Morphology of Root Canal System of Maxillary and Mandibular Molars

“…The MB2 is one of the mysteries in endodontics; its orifice is located mesially or in the pulpal groove between the main mesiobuccal canal and palatal canal, 3.5 mm palatally and 2 mm mesially from the main mesiobuccal canal [27]. The prevalence of MB2 ranged from 48 to 88%, for example, in Russia MB2 was found in 59.8% [25], in Poland 59.5% [28], in Japan 88.2% [29], and in Portugal 71% [30]. The root canal system of the Kim's classification of root canal shape [17].…”