The molecular structure of plant sporopollenin

Li, Fu‐Shuang; Phyo, Pyae; Jacobowitz, Joseph; Hong, Mei; Weng, Jing‐Ke

doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0330-7

Cited by 153 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…Exine is the most complex and resilient plant extracellular matrix, and is predominantly composed of sporopollenins, an extremely robust, chemically resistant and complex biopolymers (Jiang et al, 2013). Sporopollenins are a group of chemically related polymers composed of covalently coupled derivatives of fatty acid and aromatic phenylpropanoid building blocks, with significant taxon-specific variations in chemical composition (Dominguez et al, 1999;Blackmore et al, 2007;Jiang et al, 2013;Li et al, 2019). Production of phenylpropanoids in plants is induced by solar ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) via the phenylpropanoid pathway, the same pathway responsible for synthesis of similar complex biopolymers, such as lignin and suberin.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Phenylpropanoids In Pollen Grain Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pigments, such as carotenoids and flavonoids, participate in light harvesting, serve as cellular membrane protectants from photooxidative damage, and as pathogen defense (Fambrini et al, 2010;Lutz, 2010). Finally, sporopollenins are complex and resilient grain wall biopolymers that protect the grain interior from environmental effects (Li et al, 2019), and can provide valuable information on past environmental conditions (Lomax et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Analysis of Pollen by FT-Raman and FTIR Spectroscopies

Kenđel

Zimmermann

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Phenylpropanoids In Pollen Grain Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Analysis of Pollen by FT-Raman and FTIR Spectroscopies

Kenđel

Zimmermann

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Nevertheless, more detailed work on the composition of sporopollenin of different genera and how this affects pollen grain structural elements (e.g. Li, Phyo, Jacobowitz, Hong, & Weng, 2019) is needed for this finding to be confirmed.…”

Section: Key Chemical Drivers Of Variation Within Quercus Spp Pollenmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chemical variations in Quercus pollen as a tool for taxonomic identification: implications for long-term ecological and biogeographical research

Muthreich

Zimmermann

Birks

et al. 2019

Preprint

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v. Acknowledgements: We dedicate this paper to the memory of John Flenley who pioneered so many exciting aspects of pollen analysis and vegetation history. One of us (HJBB) has known John since 1963 and was always stimulated by John's latest ideas and palaeoecological studies.This work is part of the PollChem project funded with a FRIPRO Grant (PollChem 214359); the extensive field work was possible through funding by the L. Meltzer Høyskolefond (2017/05/LMH) and the Olaf Grolle Olsen Legat (2017/52/FOL). vi. AbstractAim: Fossil pollen is an important tool for understanding biogeographic patterns in the past, but the taxonomic resolution of the fossil-pollen record may be limited to genus or even family level. Chemical analysis of pollen grains has the potential to increase the taxonomic resolution of pollen, but present-day chemical variability is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate whether a phylogenetic signal is present in the chemical variations of Quercus L. pollen, to determine the prospects of chemical techniques as for identification in biogeographic research. Location: PortugalTaxon: Six species of Quercus L., Q. faginea, Q. robur, Q. robur estremadurensis, Q. coccifera, Q. rotundifolia and Q. suber belonging to three sections: Cerris, Ilex, and Quercus (Denk, Grimm, Manos, Deng, & Hipp, 2017) Methods: We collected pollen samples from 297 individual Quercus trees across a 4° (~450 km) latitudinal gradient and determined chemical differences using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We used canonical powered partial least-squares regression (CPPLS) and discriminant analysis to describe within-and between-species chemical variability. Chemical functional groups associated with variation in the FTIR spectra between different Quercus species were determined. Results:We find clear differences in the FTIR spectra from Quercus pollen at the section level (Cerris: ~98%; Ilex: ~100%; Quercus: ~97%). Successful discrimination is based on lipids and sporopollenins. However, discrimination of species within individual Quercus sections is more difficult: overall, species recall is ~76% and species misidentifications within sections lie between 22% and 31% of the test-set. Main Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that sub-genus level differentiation of Quercus pollen is possible using FTIR methods, with successful classification at the section level. This indicates that operator-independent FTIR approaches can perform equally to traditional morphological techniques. However, although sporopollenins are identified as important functional groups for discrimination between some Quercus taxa, the importance of lipids to resolve phylogenetic signatures presents challenges for future biogeographic research because lipids may be less likely to be preserved in sediment sequences. We suggest that future work on further discrimination of isolated sporopollenin components is required before FTIR-based chemical discrimination can be used in long-term ecology and biogeography studies.

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“…For example, Raman spectra show many contributions by stored starch and lipid bodies and by the sporopollenin polymer that comprises the pollen exine (Schulte et al, 2008). This biopolymer consists of coniferyl aldehyde and ferulic acid blocks (Rozema et al, 2001;Blokker et al, 2006;Li et al, 2019) and provides high stability and protection to the gametes. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), in turn, gives very strong signals from pollen constituents that must interact with metal nanoparticles, i.e., the SERS substrate, and although it enables the investigation of less abundant molecular species, it has a high selectivity for specific classes of molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Chemical Information From Grass Pollen in Multimodal Characterization

et al. 2020

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The analysis of pollen chemical composition is important to many fields, including agriculture, plant physiology, ecology, allergology, and climate studies. Here, the potential of a combination of different spectroscopic and spectrometric methods regarding the characterization of small biochemical differences between pollen samples was evaluated using multivariate statistical approaches. Pollen samples, collected from three populations of the grass Poa alpina, were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The variation in the sample set can be described in a hierarchical framework comprising three populations of the same grass species and four different growth conditions of the parent plants for each of the populations. Therefore, the data set can work here as a model system to evaluate the classification and characterization ability of the different spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. ANOVA Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) was applied to achieve a separation of different sources of variance in the complex sample set. Since the chosen methods and sample preparations probe different parts and/or molecular constituents of the pollen grains, complementary information about the chemical composition of the pollen can be obtained. By using consensus principal component analysis (CPCA), data from the different methods are linked together. This enables an investigation of the underlying global information, since complementary chemical data are combined. The molecular information from four spectroscopies was combined with phenotypical information gathered from the parent plants, thereby helping to potentially link pollen chemistry to other biotic and abiotic parameters.

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The molecular structure of plant sporopollenin

Cited by 153 publications

References 36 publications

Chemical Analysis of Pollen by FT-Raman and FTIR Spectroscopies

Chemical Analysis of Pollen by FT-Raman and FTIR Spectroscopies

Chemical variations in Quercus pollen as a tool for taxonomic identification: implications for long-term ecological and biogeographical research

Combining Chemical Information From Grass Pollen in Multimodal Characterization

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