IntroductionBrassicaceae, the vascular plant family, consists of 321 genera and 3660 species (Al-Shehbaz, 2012). The cosmopolitan Brassicaceae family is abundant in the northern hemisphere. Currently, there are 49 recognized Brassicaceae tribes into which more than 90% of the genera have been allocated based on molecular analysis (Warwick et al., 2010).A recently published study titled "The Families and Genera of the Vascular Plants" reported that the genus Matthiola is represented by 50 species worldwide, but most of them are found in Eurasia and Africa (Appel and Al-Shehbaz, 2003).Matthiola has 10 taxa in the flora of Europe (Ball, 1964), 6 in the flora of Palestine (Zohary, 1966), 17 in the flora of Iran (Rechinger, 1968), and 15 in the flora of the former USSR (Komarov, 1977). Matthiola has 10 species in Turkey (Mutlu, 2012). The taxa Matthiola ovatifolia (Boiss.) Boiss. and Matthiola trojana have recently been added to the flora of Turkey (Davis, 1988;Dirmenci et al., 2006).Molecular methods have an important role in the identification of phylogenetic relationships within Brassicaceae. Molecular phylogenetic studies have contributed significantly to the generic delimitation on this family (