The Molecular Mechanism of Action of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in the Pituitary

Conn, P. Michael; Huckle, William R.; Andrews, W V; McArdle, Craig

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571143-2.50007-1

Cited by 117 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…It seems that the two actions of NPY demonstrated in mammals may also be present in fish. In mammals the action of NPY on pituitary gonadotrophs involves extracellular Ca*' influx through voltage-sensitive channels (Crowley er al., 1990) to increase a Ca2' influx which is also stimulated by LHRH (Conn et al, 1987). In fish it is now established that GnRH action also requires calcium ions (Levasi-Sivan and Yaron, 1989;Jamaluddin et al, 1989) of extracellular origin (Mikolajczyk et al,199Oa) and involves voltagedependent calcium channels (Mikolajczyk et al,199Ob).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y stimulates in vivo gonadotropin secretion in teleost fish

Breton¹,

Mikołajczyk²,

Popek³

et al. 1991

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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The effects of the neuropeptide Y (NPY), alone or in combination with a gonadotropinreleasing hormone analogue, D-Ala6+lesGly10-Pro9-Net LHRH (LHRHa), have been studied on the in vivo secretion of the maturational gonadotropin (GtH3 in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the common carp Cyprinus carpio. Depending on the species, two routes of administration were used: in trout, intraperitoneal injection (20 p&g body wt); in carp, direct infusion (3 p&g body wt) into the third ventricle via a temporary brain cannula. In both cases NPY alone induced a twofold increase in GtH, secretion and peaked 2 to 4 hr after administration regardless of the route of injection. The plasma gonadotropin levels returned to basal within 8 hr. The relative increases (peaked secretion/basal secretion) did not differ with the route of injection. When the animals were first treated with NPY and then LHRHa (20 pg/kg) 1 hr later, the magnitude of the response to LHRHa was greater in the animals pretreated with NPY, indicating either a potentiation of LHRHa action by NPY or additive effects of the two peptides. The return to basal levels also took longer in fish receiving NPY tirst. NPY may act directly at tbe pituitary level or activate central neuromediatory systems. Q 195'1 Academic Press, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y stimulates in vivo gonadotropin secretion in teleost fish

Breton¹,

Mikołajczyk²,

Popek³

et al. 1991

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…The synthesis of estradiol is carried by the enzyme aromatase and regulated by negativefeedback by estradiol itself, which inhibits pituitary FSH secretion by regulating GnRH and its receptor levels at the hypothalamus-pituitary level [21][22][23] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kadın Ordu Çalışanlarında Egzersizin Endorfin ve Folikül Uyarıcı Hormon Düzeylerine Etkileri

Ruqaiyah¹,

Ratnawati²,

Mustofa³

2014

Cukurova Medical Journal

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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether chronically high-intensity exercise can change β-endorphin and FSH level among female army officer. Material and Methods: Fourty six healthy female army officer volunteered for the study. All of them gave written consent regarding their participation. The subjects were categorized in two groups: high-intensity exercise (HE, 23 subjects) and non exercise (NE, 23 subjects). The inclusion criteria were amenorrhea, no consumption of reproductive hormonal, age between 21-40 years, and not involved in diet programme, while the exclusion criteria were any factors that could interfere with normality. High intensity-exercise was performed chronically by running for between 1953-3200 meter, three times per day, 6 days per weeks, for 7 months. Serum β-endorphin was measured immunoenzymatically using an ELISA method. FSH serum was measured by chemiluminescence method. Results: Age, body weight, height and onset of menarchee were not significantly different between group (P > 0.05).High-intensity exercise significantly increase the β-endorphin level compared to the control (P < 0.01). The level of FSH significantly decrease in the HE group than that the NE group (P < 0.01). Conclusion:In conclusion, the high-intensitiy exercise on among female army officer can increase β-endorphin and decrease follicle stimulating hormone level. Keywords:Performance; gonadotropin; corticotropin; chronic exercise; amenorrhea. ÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yüksek yoğunlukta egzersizin kadın subaylarda β-endorfin ve FSH düzeylerinde değişikliğe yol açıp açmayacağını belirlemektir. Materyal ve Metod: Kırk altı sağlıklı kadın subay bu çalışma için gönüllü oldu. Bunların hepsi çalışmaya katıldıklarına ilişkin yazılı onay verdi. Denekler 2 grupta kategorize edildi; yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz grubu (HE, 23 denek) ve egzersiz olmayan grup (NE, 23 denek). Çalışmaya katılım kriterleri; amenore, reprodüktif hormonların tüketilmemesi, yaş aralığı 21-40 ve diyet programının dahil olmaması, bu belirtilen ile uyumsuz bulgular ise çalışma dışı bırakılma kriterleri olarak tanımlandı. Yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz 7 ay boyunca haftada 6 gün ve günde 3 defa 1953-3200 metre koşu şeklinde uygulandı. Serum β-endorfin düzeyleri immünoenzimatik eliza yöntemiyle ölçüldü. Serum FSH seviyeleri kemiluminosens metoduyla ölçüldü. Bulgular: Yaş, boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı ve menarş başlangıcı bakımından gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılık (p>0.05) gözlemlenmedi. Kontrol grubuyla kıyaslandığında yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz yapan grupta β-endorfin düzeyleri önemli ölçüde artmıştır (p<0.01). FSH değerleri NE grubuna göre HE grubunda önemli derecede azalmıştır (p<0,01). Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article 496Ruqaiyah et al. Cukurova Medical JournalTartışma: Sonuç olarak yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz kadın subaylarda β-endorfin düzeylerinin artmasına, FSH düzeylerinin de azalmasına neden olmaktadır.

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“…Thus, in the case of boss, ligand binding would result in the activation of a G protein-mediated signal transduction cascade in R8, leading directly to the presentation of the cue inducing R7. In this capacity, boss would regulate the release of a specific ligand much the way that receptors for gonadatropin-releasing hormones, secreted by the hypothalamus, are thought to regulate the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary gland (Conn et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of cell fate in the Drosophila retina: the bride of sevenless protein is predicted to contain a large extracellular domain and seven transmembrane segments.

et al. 1990

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Previous genetic mosaic studies established that expression of the Drosophila bride of sevenless (boss) gene is required in photoreceptor neuron R8 for the development of photoreceptor neuron R7. This led to the proposal that boss encodes or regulates an R7-specific inductive cue. We have identified the boss gene based on small deletions in mutant alleles and sequenced both cDNAs and corresponding genomic regions. One P element and three X-ray-induced boss alleles show different deletions in the gene ranging in size from 2 to 23 bp, each causing frameshifts leading to premature termination of translation. The boss gene encodes a protein of 896 amino acids with a putative amino-terminal signal sequence, a large extracellular region of 498 amino acids, and seven potential transmembrane domains followed by a carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic tail of 115 amino acids. The putative membrane localization of the boss protein is consistent with a model in which direct interaction between the boss and sevenless proteins specifies R7 cell fate. Another model in which the boss protein functions as a receptor is proposed based on its similarity to the G protein-linked family of membrane receptors.

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The Molecular Mechanism of Action of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in the Pituitary

Cited by 117 publications

References 127 publications

Neuropeptide Y stimulates in vivo gonadotropin secretion in teleost fish

Neuropeptide Y stimulates in vivo gonadotropin secretion in teleost fish

Kadın Ordu Çalışanlarında Egzersizin Endorfin ve Folikül Uyarıcı Hormon Düzeylerine Etkileri

Induction of cell fate in the Drosophila retina: the bride of sevenless protein is predicted to contain a large extracellular domain and seven transmembrane segments.

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