The Molecular Biology and Metabolism of Glutathione

Foyer, Christine H.; Noctor, Graham

doi:10.1007/0-306-47644-4_3

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 141 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increased GSH contents found in Col‐0 were not detected in ein2 and were detected only after 12 h of exposure in the sid2 mutant. GSH is not only one of the main antioxidants in many plants; it is also a substrate for antioxidative enzymes such as GST (Foyer and Noctor 2001). Therefore, GSH plays an important role in maintaining a homeostatic balance of the redox state in plant cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana

Yoshida

Tamaoki

Ioki

et al. 2009

Physiologia Plantarum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone. Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana

Yoshida

Tamaoki

Ioki

et al. 2009

Physiologia Plantarum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have already demonstrated that glutathione metabolism can be altered, and that such alterations can improve plant performance under certain types of stress (Foyer et al, 1994; May et al, 1998; Noctor et al, 1998; Foyer and Noctor, 2001). The more than two‐fold seasonal changes in the glutathione pool found in this study indicate that there is a mechanism for altering the pool size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Patterns of Glutathione and Ascorbate Metabolism in Field-Grown Cotton under Water Stress

Mahan¹,

Wanjura²

2005

Crop Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of this study was to identify water‐stress‐related limitations in the antioxidant protection in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the field. Cotton was grown under full irrigation and severe‐to‐moderate water deficits in both years of the study. The amount and form of glutathione (5‐L‐glutamyl‐L‐cysteinylglycine) were monitored in both years, while the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, the amount of ascorbate, and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored in the second year of the study. The amount of glutathione varied (> 2×) during the sampling interval, though there was no effect of water treatment on the variation. The ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione varied seasonally, but not in response to water deficits. Gluthione reductase activity varied (≈ 5×) seasonally, but again not in response to water deficits. The amount of ascorbate and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase were increased under water stress (≈ 5× and 1.5×, respectively). The amount of MDA (an indicator of oxidative damage) varied seasonally (≈ 2×), though not in response to water stress. While glutathione metabolism appears sufficient for oxidative stresses resulting from field‐water deficits, altered ascorbate metabolism may be a response to water deficits in the field. Malondialdehyde amount did not increase with water stress, suggesting that antioxidant metabolism was sufficient for the oxidative stresses. It is apparent that antioxidant metabolism in these plants exposed to water deficits under production conditions was sufficient to protect against oxidative damage.

show abstract

“…Targeting of APX and SOD to chloroplasts resulted in increased stress tolerance in tobacco to high light (Kwon et al, 2002;Yabuta et al, 2002). Chloroplastic overexpression of GR can increase the leaf GSH/GSSG ratio and mitigate the damage due to photooxidative stress (Foyer and Noctor, 2001). Increased defense against photooxidative stress was also conferred by targeting bacterial CAT to tobacco chloroplasts (Mohamed et al, 2003).…”

Section: Molecular and Genetic Aspects Of Plant Responses To Photooximentioning

confidence: 98%

Photooxidative Stress

Reddy¹,

Raghavendra²

2006

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Stress Tolerance in Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Molecular Biology and Metabolism of Glutathione

Cited by 29 publications

References 141 publications

Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana

Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana

Seasonal Patterns of Glutathione and Ascorbate Metabolism in Field-Grown Cotton under Water Stress

Photooxidative Stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About