The Mo catalyzed graphitization of amorphous carbon: an in situ TEM study

Abstract

In situ TEM experiments were carried out to demonstrate the catalytic properties of Mo during graphene synthesis.

Graphitization of Gallium‐Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers and Cones: In Situ and Ex Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies

“…Figure 2a shows a typical SEM image of an as-synthesized Ga CNF revealing the growth of a CNF on the tip of each cone which is also confirmed by a low-magnification TEM image in Figure 2b. Similar to the other metal-included CNF cases, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] no more than one CNF grew on respective cone tips. The growth mechanism of ion-induced CNFs is explained in detail in previous studies.…”

“…For this purpose, ion-induced conical structures and CNFs fabricated on an edge of a carbon foil are known to be promising. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] As described later, they are fabricated just by ion irradiation to the carbon substrate without any catalyst and intentional heating. Usually, CNFs are amorphous in the crystalline state, and the compositions of cones and CNFs are controllable by a supply of the other element during ion irradiation.…”

One-step and room-temperature fabrication of carbon nanocomposites including Ni nanoparticles for supercapacitor electrodes

“…74 Carbon is one of the typical materials with low sputtering yield, and needless to say, is commonly used in supercapacitor applications. Thus, carbon acts as both the seed material to enhance the formation of conical structures and the matrix for carbon-based nanocomposites [75][76][77][78][79][80] For the fabrication of the capacitor layer of Ni NPs including carbon, an Au foil was irradiated with Ar + ions at room temperature with a simultaneous supply of both C and Ni. As shown in Fig.…”

“…74 Carbon is one of the typical materials with low sputtering yield, and needless to say, is commonly used in supercapacitor applications. Thus, carbon acts as both the seed material to enhance the formation of conical structures and the matrix for carbon-based nanocomposites 75–80…”

Advanced Electron Microscopy Studies of Zeolite-Supported Bifunctional Catalysts

“…While the earlier papers focused on nickel based catalysis of carbon nanofiber growth, 168,169 over the past few decades studies have been performed more often on cobalt 139,140 and iron based catalysts, 142,170 or even on molybdenum and sodium. 143,171 Phenomena of interest have included the mechanism of decomposition of the carbon source, the mechanism and kinetics of growth, the appearance of defects, the entanglement of the 'forest' of nanotubes, the ratio of single to multiple walled nanotubes and many other properties of the material and reactions taking place.…”