The Mitragyna Species of Asia

Abstract

In addition to the previously reported alkaloids from Mitragyna speciosa a number of additional oxindole alkaloids were isolated, three of which are new. These have been named mitrafoline, isomitrafkline and isospeciofoline. Mitragynine oxindoles A and B were found for the first time in plant material while corynoxeine and the corynoxines were found for the first time in the genus Mitragyna. Examination of thirteen monthly samples of leaves showed that mitragynine and paynantheine remained the dominant indole alkaloids of the mature plant throughout the entire period of collection. TRAGER, LEE, PHILLIPSON, HADDOCK DWUMA-BADU and BECKETT [4]. Since then number of other sample: of Mitragyna speciosa consisting o: leaves and young twigs from Thailanc have been examined. More sensitivc

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Analgesic Indole Alkaloids from the Rubiaceous Plant, Mitragyna speciosa

“…Houghton and Said reported the isolation of a new alkaloid (6), 2) i.e., a 3,4-dehydro derivative of mitragynine, from the fresh leaves of M. speciosa growing on the campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. They also found new types of indole alkaloids, mitragynaline (7), corynantheidaline (8), mitragynalinic acid (9), and corynantheidalinic acid (10) (Fig. 2), in the very young leaves of the same plant.…”

“…[4][5][6] Almost ten years later, Shellard et al, in their investigation of the alkaloidal constituents in various samples of M. speciosa from Thailand, isolated more than twenty kinds of Corynanthetype alkaloids, including oxindole derivatives. [7][8][9] They pointed out that the variation in the constituents among different batches of leaves may be an indication of the presence of geographical variants of the species within Thailand. For chemical re-investigation, we chose the plant growing on the campus of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, in collaboration with Dr. Ponglux.…”

“…From the ethyl acetate extract of the young leaves of M. speciosa, nine Corynanthe-type indole alkaloids, namely, mitragynine (1), speciogynine (2), speciociliatine (3), paynantheine (4), 7a-hydroxymitragynine (5), mitragynaline (7), corynantheidaline (8), corynantheidine, and isocorynoxeine, were isolated. In addition, a porphine derivative, phaeophorbide a, was obtained.…”

Chemistry of Indole Alkaloids Related to the Corynanthe-Type from Uncaria, Nauclea and Mitragyna Plants

“…As anticipated, the product ion at m/z 182, which corresponded to harman (69), was observed. Harman (69) in the CID would be formed through the homolytic cleavage of the C14-C15 bond by fragmentation of the protonated intermediates, as shown in Fig. (17).…”

“…Such simple β-carboline alkaloids as harman (69) are distributed in many plants. It has been proved that, in general, simple β-carboline alkaloids are biogenetically formed from tryptophan and acetic acid or pyruvate [47,48].…”