The Mini-Mental State Examination in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Galasko, Douglas; Klauber, Melville R.; Hofstetter, C. Richard; Salmon, David P.; Lasker, Bruce R.; Thal, Leon J.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530010061020

Cited by 305 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Galasko has revealed that MMSE and the score summing tests of recall and orientation for place have similar sensitivities [13] . Besides, adding a verbal fluency test to the MMSE could reduce the error rate by improving the accuracy of diagnosis of patients with AD scoring in the nondemented range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study of the Six-Item Screener in detecting cognitive impairment

et al. 2010

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Objective The present retrospective study was to explore the clinical value of Six-Item Screener (SIS), which is constituted by 6 items from mini-mental status examination (MMSE), to identify cognitive impairment. Methods A total number of 1976 patients aged over 50 years, from the Memory Clinic of Huashan Hospital were employed in a battery of neuropsychological tests including MMSE. Subjects with severe conditions, unable to cooperate, or having been previously enrolled, were excluded from this study. The employed subjects were divided into 3 groups: subjective memory complaints (SMCs) (475 cases), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (440 cases), and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (1061 cases, including 555 mild, 339 moderate, and 167 severe). A total score of MMSE and a score of SIS composed of date, month, year, three-word delayed recall from MMSE were calculated. Data were analyzed based on educational background. ResultsThe cut-off of SIS score was ≤ 2 for illiterate, ≤ 3 for elementary, and ≤ 4 for junior high school or above. The sensitivity and specificity of SIS for detecting mild AD were 88.5% and 78.3%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 83.8%, while for detecting MCI, the sensitivity and specificity were 34.3% and 90.1%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 63.2%.Conclusion SIS is an effective and reliable instrument for dementia detection in outpatient department. However, it has limited value for MCI identification.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study of the Six-Item Screener in detecting cognitive impairment

et al. 2010

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“…We used serial subtraction of 3s from 100, rather than 7s, because of the high proportion of illiterate subjects, whom we presumed could only handle simple calculations. Galasko et al 11 have shown that serial subtraction was not a substitute for spelling "world" backwards, and that the two items had to be studied independently for the enhancement of the sensitivity of the MMSE. In populations with low education, adjustment of the items, such as easier subtraction, might provide a way of assessing concentration and attention rather than omitting these aspects completely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of an Arabic Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination

et al. 1999

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S Al-Rajeh, A Ogunniyi, A Awada, A Daif, R Zaidan, Preliminary Assessment of an Arabic Version of the MiniMental State Examination. 1999; 19(2): 150-152 The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is one of the most widely used instruments for quantitative assessment of cognitive functions and for dementia screening.1,2 It assesses many cognitive domains, including orientation, memory, language, calculation and visual construction. The test, however, shows educational as well as cultural bias, and appears to be more suited to Western culture. [2][3][4] The use of the MMSE in other cultures, therefore, entails translation into the specific languages, modification and/or substitution of some of the items with culturally relevant ones, and pilot-testing these for reliability, sensitivity and specificity. There are many versions and translations of the MMSE, including Chinese, German, Spanish and Nigerian, which have been used for studies in the respective cultures. [4][5][6][7] An Arabic version of the MMSE was developed and pilot-tested on Saudi patients. The results are presented in this report. Materials and MethodsThe MMSE was translated into the Arabic language, with many items left unchanged from the original version. The names of the area of the Kingdom and its location were substituted for the name of the country and the particular state, which appear in the original version. Date (a popular palm produce), chair and money, were the three items most often used. We used serial subtraction of 3s from 100 for assessing calculation, attention and concentration. We omitted spelling "world" backwards because the concept appeared difficult in a predominantly illiterate population. The expression "no ifs, ands or buts" was replaced by an Arabic phrase. The Arabic version produced was then translated back into English to ensure consistency of the items. The questionnaire was then administered by the same interviewer to 33 subjects, comprising 27 males and 6 females, who volunteered to take part in the study. The participants were mainly relations of inpatients at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh (KKUH), who had no evidence of central nervous system dysfunction and were not on medications that could depress cognitive function or alertness. The responses were recorded as either correct or incorrect. The educational status of the individuals was obtained at the end of the administration of the questionnaire. Individuals who had not attended school or had spent less than six years in school were regarded as uneducated.Using sequential analysis, the questionnaire was administered by the same interviewer to four clinically diagnosed demented patients (based on DSM-IV criteria) 8 being managed at KKUH, for the determination of its psychometric properties. The dementia diagnoses were vascular (two cases), probable Alzheimer's disease (one case) and dementia associated with meningioma (one case). The patients included three females and one male, with a mean age of 69.8±11.2 years (range, 54-80 years), who were uned...

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“…하지만 치매의 초기 증 상이자 가장 보편적인 인지 저하 영역인 기억력에 대한 평가 비 중이 낮은 편이어서 정상노인의 인지기능 감퇴나 각 영역에 따 른 미세한 변화를 측정하기에는 한계가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다 (Galasko et al, 1990). 특히, 인지감퇴 초기에는 뚜렷하지 않은 기억력 및 집중력의 감소나 성격과 감정 조절의 미세한 변 화 등을 보이므로 (Petersen et al, 1997) …”

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Influence of Cognitive Function and Depressive Symptoms on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Community-dwelling Older Adults

Seo¹,

Song²

2016

The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of cognitive function and depressive symptoms on instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in addition to identify the factors associated with IADL in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Data were collected from July 2013 to June 2014. A total of 143 participants without dementia, depression and disability were enrolled in this study. Cognitive function was measured using Seoul verbal learning test (SVLT), digital span (forward/backward) and fist-edge-palm test. The Korean-IADL and Short Geriatric Depression Scale (S-GDS) were used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression. Results: Overall, a multiple regression model revealed that approximately 27.4% of total variability in IADL in the sample of community-dwelling older adults could be explained by the significant 12 variables in this model (R 2 =0.274, F=5.467, p<.001). Age, having religion and cognitive function were the predictors of IADL in community-dwelling older adults. Conclusion: This study suggest that we need to monitor cognitive function in older to maintain the ability for IADL in older adults. Also, individualized program for improving older adults' IADL should be included in nursing intervention.

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The Mini-Mental State Examination in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 305 publications

References 18 publications

A preliminary study of the Six-Item Screener in detecting cognitive impairment

A preliminary study of the Six-Item Screener in detecting cognitive impairment

Preliminary Assessment of an Arabic Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination

Influence of Cognitive Function and Depressive Symptoms on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Community-dwelling Older Adults

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