The Middle Kingdom in Egypt: Internal History From the Rise of the Heracleopolitans to the Death of Ammenemes Iii

Hayes, William C.

doi:10.1017/chol9780521077910.011

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 454 publications

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“…118-119 and 130-131). The initial breakdown took a few decades, but the processes of collapse played out on a centennial scale, as did reconstitution (16).…”

Section: Anatomy Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse, environment, and society

Butzer

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

349

242

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Historical collapse of ancient states poses intriguing social-ecological questions, as well as potential applications to global change and contemporary strategies for sustainability. Five Old World case studies are developed to identify interactive inputs, triggers, and feedbacks in devolution. Collapse is multicausal and rarely abrupt. Political simplification undermines traditional structures of authority to favor militarization, whereas disintegration is preconditioned or triggered by acute stress (insecurity, environmental or economic crises, famine), with breakdown accompanied or followed by demographic decline. Undue attention to stressors risks underestimating the intricate interplay of environmental, political, and sociocultural resilience in limiting the damages of collapse or in facilitating reconstruction. The conceptual model emphasizes resilience, as well as the historical roles of leaders, elites, and ideology. However, a historical model cannot simply be applied to contemporary problems of sustainability without adjustment for cumulative information and increasing possibilities for popular participation. Between the 14th and 18th centuries, Western Europe responded to environmental crises by innovation and intensification; such modernization was decentralized, protracted, flexible, and broadly based. Much of the current alarmist literature that claims to draw from historical experience is poorly focused, simplistic, and unhelpful. It fails to appreciate that resilience and readaptation depend on identified options, improved understanding, cultural solidarity, enlightened leadership, and opportunities for participation and fresh ideas.

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“…118-119 and 130-131). The initial breakdown took a few decades, but the processes of collapse played out on a centennial scale, as did reconstitution (16).…”

Section: Anatomy Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse, environment, and society

Butzer

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

349

242

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“…The concept of Montu and Re/Atum of Heliopolis as a "divine pair" was used to represent the duality of Upper and Lower Egypt. Montu, an early god of Theban origin with solar aspects and following with Amun's rise, scholars debate the fact that Montu was substituted as the god of war after the reunification done by middle kingdom founder Nebhepetre Mentuhotep [5]. Whilst, few scholars believe he only became a martial god afore the new kingdom or he acquired this new martial god only with the dynastic change [6].…”

Section: Montu's Solar Aspectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Montu, the Origin of a Sacred Network

Soliman

2017

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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“…Jacquet-Gordon, Graffiti, 84 , then the dynasty must be pressed down a bit, but this can hardly be a matter of more than a few years. 137 Of his successors, only his well documented son Takelot III spatially and temporally anchored in Thebes. The length of the reign remains unclear: he is occasionally assigned a reign of more than 6 full years, and not least because several of his children were still alive shortly before 700 as the family trees of their descendents and the style of their tombs reveal.…”

Section: Ue Kings and Dynasties From Takelot II Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no clear indication of when this happened, but at the very latest the inauguration of Amenirdis I as the adoptive daughter and heir of the Divine Wife Shepenupet I marks that Thebes was definitely governed by the Nubians. According to Kitchen, it was Piye, the brother of Amenirdis, who ordered the adoption, 141 but Morkot 137 On the condition that the HPA Osorkon B and Osorkon III were in fact one and the same person, cf. above, section 3.…”

Section: Ue Kings and Dynasties From Takelot II Tomentioning

confidence: 99%