The microbiology of spent mushroom compost and its dust

Kleyn, J. G.; Wetzler, T. F.

doi:10.1139/m81-116

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1). Our findings are consistent with those of Kleyn and Wetzler (27), who isolated several species of Streptomyces from spent mushroom compost. Adhikary et al (1) also found that Streptomyces spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose-decomposing Bacteria Inhabiting Sawdust and Coffee Residue Composts

et al. 2012

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Clarifying the identity and enzymatic activities of microorganisms associated with the decomposition of organic materials is expected to contribute to the evaluation and improvement of composting processes. In this study, we examined the cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic abilities of bacteria isolated from sawdust compost (SDC) and coffee residue compost (CRC). Cellulolytic bacteria were isolated using Dubos mineral salt agar containing azurine cross-linked (AZCL) HE-cellulose. Bacterial identification was performed based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, and cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, mannanase, and protease activities were characterized using insoluble AZCL-linked substrates. Eleven isolates were obtained from SDC and 10 isolates from CRC. DNA analysis indicated that the isolates from SDC and CRC belonged to the genera Streptomyces, Microbispora, and Paenibacillus, and the genera Streptomyces, Microbispora, and Cohnella, respectively. Microbispora was the most dominant genus in both compost types. All isolates, with the exception of two isolates lacking mannanase activity, showed cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, and mannanase activities. Based on enzyme activities expressed as the ratio of hydrolysis zone diameter to colony diameter, it was suggested that the species of Microbispora (SDCB8, SDCB9) and Paenibacillus (SDCB10, SDCB11) in SDC and Microbispora (CRCB2, CRCB6) and Cohnella (CRCB9, CRCB10) in CRC contribute to efficient cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic processes during composting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose-decomposing Bacteria Inhabiting Sawdust and Coffee Residue Composts

et al. 2012

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“…When CIA was used as the isolation medium, streptomycetes were isolated in greater abundance. Nutrient-deficient media such as CIA have traditionally been used for the isolation of actinomycetes (5,12), but, as we have demonstrated, they tend to select for streptomycetes. In addition, the intense opacity of this medium and the sparse development of actinomycete colonies recovered on it limit the application of CIA for the enumeration and identification of species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Quantitative Assessment of Factors Affecting the Recovery of Indigenous and Released Thermophilic Bacteria from Compost

Amner

McCarthy

Edwards

1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Thermophilic actinomycetes and bacilli were recovered from mushroom compost by conventional dilution plating and sedimentation chamber-Andersen sampler methods. Excessive growth of thermophilic bacilli on dilution plates accounted for the poor recovery and limited diversity of actinomycete colonies, and this result was largely unaffected by the use of modffied extraction procedures and diluents. Assessment of the actinomycete population was more successfully achieved by applying the sedimentation chamber method, by using selective media, or both. Background resistance of the compost microflora to selective agents (kanamycin, novobiocin, tetracycline, thiostrepton, and NaCI) was extremely varied, but both actinomycetes and bacilli were particularly sensitive to tetracycline. The selective isolation of Thermoactinomyces spp. and Thermomonospora chromogena by novobiocin and kanamycin, respectively, was shown to be reproducible, and the use of high concentrations of kanamycin resulted in the isolation of a novel group of unidentified thermophilic actinomycetes. Comparison of nonselective nutrient media demonstrated that the nutrient-rich protoplast regeneration medium R5 was surprisingly efficient for actinomycete recovery. This medium was found to be particularly appropriate for the recovery of Saccharomonospora viridis BD125, introduced as spores into both sterile and fresh samples of mushroom compost. This stable pigmented variant of the S. viridis strains indigenous to compost was released at concentrations of up to 107 spores g of compost-' in order to provide information for future experiments on the release and recovery of genetically manipulated strains. The detection limits for this strain were in the region of 102 g-' from sterilized compost but only 105 g-1 from nonsterile compost. These figures correspond to mean recovery efficiencies of approximately 70% (sterilized compost) and 53% (fresh compost) of viable spores released. Further improvements in the detection and recovery of S. viridis strains released into compost should be achieved by the introduction of selectable markers developed from this information on the antibiotic resistance profile of the indigenous compost microflora.

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“…), secondary pathogens (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus), and bacterial and fungal toxins (mycotoxins, aflatoxin, and endotoxin). 5 The microbial content of spent mushroom compost has been characterized, 6 and criteria for assessing the destruction of pathogens in compost have been suggested. 7 The symptoms reported in this situation did not suggest a common infectious organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Study of Health Complaints Associated with Commercial Processing of Mushroom Compost in Southeastern Pennsylvania

Cobb

Sullivan

Etzel

1995

Journal of Agromedicine

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In response to complaints from local residents, we investigated health effects near a large repository for spent mushroom compost. We administered a symptom questionnaire to people living close to the compost site and to a comparison group farther away. We also surveyed local physicians for their clinical impressions, interviewed providers at a clinic for migrant farm workers, and tested air, water, and compost specimens for pesticide and fertilizer contamination. Respondents living within 3000 feet of the compost site were more likely than those living farther away to report headache (50% vs. 17%), tiredness (58% vs. 28%), eye irritation (50% vs. 21%), and sore throat (42% vs. 14%). Another comparison group with no exposure to compost had symptoms similar to the group closest to the site. Local physicians did not report any distinct illness among compost site neighbors or mushroom workers. Objec-tive morbidity was low, as measured by absence from school or work. The symptoms reported were not severe, did not suggest a unique toxic exposure, and could not be definitely linked with the compost. Environmental testing results showed no elevated air levels of NH 3 , NO 2 , SO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, formaldehyde, or particulates; only moderately elevated nitrates in water, and no detectable levels of pesticides in the compost. We concluded that we could not demonstrate a significant health hazard associated with this mushroom compost site.

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The microbiology of spent mushroom compost and its dust

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose-decomposing Bacteria Inhabiting Sawdust and Coffee Residue Composts

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose-decomposing Bacteria Inhabiting Sawdust and Coffee Residue Composts

Quantitative Assessment of Factors Affecting the Recovery of Indigenous and Released Thermophilic Bacteria from Compost

Pilot Study of Health Complaints Associated with Commercial Processing of Mushroom Compost in Southeastern Pennsylvania

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