The microbiologic approach in endodontics

Kaufman, Arieh Y.; Henig, E

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(76)90104-3

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Hyaluronidase-producing enterococci were subsequently described by Rosan and Williams in studies of microorganisms causing periodontal disease (191). The contribution of this enzyme to periodontal disease has not been further investigated, even though enterococci are commonly isolated from periodontal infections (75,132,174) and were shown in 1955 to readily induce dental caries formation in monoassociated rats infected with a nonproteolytic strain (180).…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of enterococci

1994

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Enterococci are commensal organisms well suited to survival in intestinal and vaginal tracts and the oral cavity. However, as for most bacteria described as causing human disease, enterococci also possess properties that can be ascribed roles in pathogenesis. The natural ability of enterococci to readily acquire, accumulate, and share extrachromosomal elements encoding virulence traits or antibiotic resistance genes lends advantages to their survival under unusual environmental stresses and in part explains their increasing importance as nosocomial pathogens. This review discusses the current understanding of enterococcal virulence relating to (i) adherence to host tissues, (ii) invasion and abscess formation, (iii) factors potentially relevant to modulation of host inflammatory responses, and (iv) potentially toxic secreted products. Aggregation substance, surface carbohydrates, or fibronectin-binding moieties may facilitate adherence to host tissues. Enterococcus faecalis appears to have the capacity to translocate across intact intestinal mucosa in models of antibiotic-induced superinfection. Extracellular toxins such as cytolysin can induce tissue damage as shown in an endophthalmitis model, increase mortality in combination with aggregation substance in an endocarditis model, and cause systemic toxicity in a murine peritonitis model. Finally, lipoteichoic acid, superoxide production, or pheromones and corresponding peptide inhibitors each may modulate local inflammatory reactions.

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Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of enterococci

1994

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“…Hyaluronidase-producing enterococci were subsequently described by Rosan and Williams in studies of microorganisms causing periodontal disease (191). The contribution of this enzyme to periodontal disease has not been further investigated, even though enterococci are commonly isolated from periodontal infections (75, 132,174) and were shown in 1955 to readily induce dental caries formation in monoassociated rats infected with a nonproteolytic strain (180).…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of enterococci.

Jett¹,

Huycke²,

Gilmore³

1994

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

138

170

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fourth leading cause of hospital-acquired infection and the third leading cause of bacteremia in the United States (65). Case/fatality ratios for enterococcal bacteremia range from 12 to 68%, with death due to enterococcal sepsis in 4 to 50% of these cases (22, 32, 90, 93, 130, 140, 152, 154, 189, 204, 228, 244). In one large study of bloodstream infections, enterococci were the only gram-positive pathogens independently associated with a high risk of death (227). Similarly, in a retrospective cohort study, the mortality rate attributable to enterococcal bacteremia was 31%, with a risk ratio of 4.75 compared with matched controls (140). Enterococci are normal human commensals adapted to the nutrient-enriched, oxygen-depleted, ecologically complex environments of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal vault. As the predominant gram-positive coccus in stool, with concentrations ranging from 105 to 107 CFU/g of feces,

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“…In the oral cavity, Staphyiococcus aureus has been associated with acute dentoalveolar infections (9,15,17,19), infected jaw cysts (12), endodontic abscesses (14,22,42,45), acute suppuradve parotitis (20), oral mucosal lesions (2,3,4) and denture-induced stomatitis (40). Also, staphylococcal colonization has been demonstrated from the tongue (10), saliva (16,28,31), mucosal surfaces (2,3,4), removable dentures (40,41), endosseous dental implants (21), supragingival tooth surfaces (7,29), and the periodontal pocket (8,21,24,34,35,36,44).…”

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confidence: 99%

Staphylococci in human periodontal diseases

Rams

Feik

Slots

1990

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

123

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The occurrence of subgingival staphylococci was determined in 506 individuals with advanced adult periodontitis, 108 with early-onset periodontitis, 13 with localized juvenile periodontitis, 18 with gingivitis, and 13 with 20 failing osseointegrated titanium dental implants. Subgingival samples were collected with paper points and transported in VMGA III. The bacterial samples were plated on Staphylococcus 110 medium which was incubated in 10% CO2, and on enriched brucella blood agar, which was incubated anaerobically. Staphylococcal isolates from 94 adult periodontitis subjects were speciated using the API STAPH Trac micromethod kit system and the Bacto Staph latex agglutination test for coagulase activity. Staphylococcus epidermidis comprised 45.8% and Staphylococcus aureus 22.3% of total staphylococcal isolates. At 1 microgram/ml, in vitro resistance by staphylococci was found to tetracycline (14.4% of isolates), penicillin (4.9%), erythromycin (12.1%), and metronidazole (31.9%). Subgingival staphylococci were isolated from approximately 50% of gingivitis and periodontitis patients. No statistically significant differences were found between these patient groups in the prevalence or mean proportions of staphylococci recovered. "Periimplantitis" lesions exhibited significantly higher proportions of staphylococci (15.1%) than gingivitis (0.06%) or periodontitis (1.2%) lesions. Staphylococci may play a role in some failing osseointegrated dental implants.

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The microbiologic approach in endodontics

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Virulence of enterococci

Virulence of enterococci

Virulence of enterococci.

Staphylococci in human periodontal diseases

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