The Microbial Flora of the Rumen of Cows Fed Hay and High Cereal Rations and its Relationship to the Rumen Fermentation

Latham, M. J.; Sharpe, M. Elisabeth; Sutton, John

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1971.tb02302.x

Cited by 105 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, in practice, it is difficult to evaluate this scientifically, as no two feed ingredients are identical in all constituents bar starch and fibre. In the present study, there were also numerical differences in OM, ADF, ether extract and WSC between the two concentrate sources, all of which could alter rumen fermentation pathways within the rumen (Latham et al, 1971) and alter the ruminal microbial diversity (Flint et al, 2008).…”

Section: Feed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

Hart

Huntington

Wilkinson

et al. 2015

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is well-established that altering the proportion of starch and fibre in ruminant diets can alter ruminal and post-ruminal digestion, although quantitative evidence that this reduces enteric methane (CH 4 ) production in dairy cattle is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of varying grass-to-maize silage ratio (70 : 30 and 30 : 70 DM basis), offered ad libitum, with either a concentrate that was high in starch or fibre, on CH 4 production, intake, performance and milk composition of dairy cows. A total of 20 cows were allocated to one of the four experimental diets in a two-by-two factorial design run as a Latin square with each period lasting 28 days. Measurements were conducted during the final 7 days of each period. Cows offered the high maize silage ration had a higher dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk energy output and lower CH 4 emissions when expressed per kg DMI and per unit of ingested gross energy, but there was no difference in total CH 4 production. Several of the milk long-chain fatty acids (FA) were affected by forage treatment with the most notable being an increase in 18:0, 18:1 c9, 18:2 c9 c12 and total mono unsaturated FA, observed in cows offered the higher inclusion of maize silage, and an increase in 18:3 c9 c12 c15 when offered the higher grass silage ration. Varying the composition of the concentrate had no effect on DMI or milk production; however, when the high-starch concentrate was fed, milk protein concentration and milk FAs, 10:0, 14:1, 15:0, 16:1, increased and 18:0 decreased. Interactions were observed for milk fat concentration, being lower in cows offered high-grass silage and high-fibre concentrates compared with the high-starch concentrate, and FA 17:0, which was the highest in milk from cows fed the high-grass silage diet supplemented with the high-starch concentrate. In conclusion, increasing the proportion of maize silage in the diets of dairy cows increased intake and performance, and reduced CH 4 production, but only when expressed on a DM or energy intake basis, whereas starch-to-fibre ratio in the concentrate had little effect on performance or CH 4 production.Keywords: methane, dairy cows, forage, SF 6 tracer ImplicationsMethane production by ruminants is becoming an increasing concern due to its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary strategies to reduce methane production in terms of supplying dietary supplements can result in pollution swapping, and are therefore not desirable. Researchers examine the effect of changing the ratio of grass and maize silage in addition to changing the amount of starch and fibre in the concentrate. The results obtained are related to national greenhouse gas inventories and potential effects of cropping systems on greenhouse gas emissions along with animal performance. IntroductionGlobally, agriculture, forestry and land use change account for 56% of non CO 2 anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, with methane (CH 4 ) from enteric fermentation accounting for 36% of this (Smith et al., 2014...

show abstract

Section: Feed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 55%

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

Hart

Huntington

Wilkinson

et al. 2015

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…bovis were approximately 50 % lower in high-fibre than high-grain diets but these numbers were all within one log unit. These authors (Latham et al, 1971(Latham et al, , 1972) also demonstrated an increase in Lactobacillus numbers on high-grain diets. In contrast we observed a relative decline in Str.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…bovis on high-forage diets, but the magnitude of this difference is usually less than one log unit. Latham et al (1971Latham et al ( , 1972 demonstrated that Str. bovis were approximately 50 % lower in high-fibre than high-grain diets but these numbers were all within one log unit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet influences the ecology of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli along the digestive tract of cattle: neural networks and 16S rDNA

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this manuscript, the authors have sought to gain a better understanding of the interactions between Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Rogossa MRS agar along the digestive tract of grain-and forage-fed cattle. E. coli from cattle receiving a high-grain diet were more numerous (P , 0?05) than from the high-forage diet and the highest numbers were in the faeces. Isolates on Rogossa MRS agar were always greater in the high-grain diet (P , 0?05) and contained a significant number of LAB. A random set of Rogossa MRS agar colonies was selected and artificial neural networks were used to develop a relationship between colony description and species which was validated using sequence analysis (16S rDNA). The neural networks correctly predicted species in more than 80 % of cases and was composed, primarily, of Lactobacillus vitulinus, Lactobacillus ruminis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Streptococcus bovis, Acidaminococcus fermentans and Megasphaera elsdenii. In conjunction with statistical diversity indices, it was demonstrated that diversity in the high-fibre diet was always lower and was a consequence of the dominance of Str. bovis. In contrast, the diversity in the high-grain diet was greater (P , 0?05) and was a consequence of the decline in Str. bovis. These data demonstrate that there is a positive relationship between coliform and LAB isolates throughout the digestive tract of cattle, and diet is the major factor regulating bacterial composition.

show abstract

“…A change from a fermentation characterized by a high proportion of butyric acid to one in which propionic acid is a major product has been related to the elimination of protozoa from the rumen (Eadie, Hyldgaard-Jensen, Mann, Reid & Whitelaw, 1970) but smaller changes in VFA proportions do not bear any simple relationship to the balance of bacterial species (Latham, Sharpe & Sutton, 1971). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate digestion and glucose supply in the gut of the ruminant

Sutton¹

1971

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Microbial Flora of the Rumen of Cows Fed Hay and High Cereal Rations and its Relationship to the Rumen Fermentation

Cited by 105 publications

References 27 publications

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

The influence of grass silage-to-maize silage ratio and concentrate composition on methane emissions, performance and milk composition of dairy cows

Diet influences the ecology of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli along the digestive tract of cattle: neural networks and 16S rDNA

Carbohydrate digestion and glucose supply in the gut of the ruminant

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About